成年人所处的环境与其健康行为以及心理和身体健康结果有关：一项全国范围的地理空间研究。

The environment an adult resides within is associated with their health behaviours, and their mental and physical health outcomes: a nationwide geospatial study.

机构信息

Faculty of Health, University, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, College of Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.

School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand.

出版信息

Soc Sci Med. 2022 May;301:114801. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114801. Epub 2022 Feb 26.

DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114801

PMID:35366459

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The determinants of health behaviours and health outcomes are multifaceted and the surrounding environment is increasingly considered as an important influence. This pre-registered study investigated the associations between the geospatial environment people live within and their health behaviours as well as their mental and physical health outcomes.

METHOD

We used the newly developed Healthy Location Index (HLI) to identify health-promoting and health-constraining environmental features where people live. We then used Time 10 (2018) data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Survey (NZAVS; N = 47,951), a national probability sample of New Zealand adults, to gauge mental health outcomes including depression, anxiety and psychological distress, physical health outcomes including BMI and type II diabetes, and health behaviours such as tobacco smoking and vaping. Linear and logistic multilevel mixed effect regression models with random intercepts of individuals nested within geographical areas (meshblocks) were employed.

RESULTS

The presence of health-constraining environmental features were adversely associated with self-reported mental health outcomes of depression, anxiety and psychological distress, physical health outcomes of BMI and type II diabetes, and negative health behaviours of tobacco smoking and vaping. By contrast, health-promoting environmental features were uniquely associated only with physical health outcomes of BMI and type II diabetes.

CONCLUSION

The current study advances research on environmental determinants of health behaviours by demonstrating that close proximity to health-constraining environmental features is related to a number of self-reported physical and mental health outcomes or behaviours. We provide some evidence to support the notion that preventive population-health interventions should be sought.

摘要

背景

健康行为和健康结果的决定因素是多方面的，周围环境越来越被认为是一个重要的影响因素。本预先注册的研究调查了人们生活的地理环境与他们的健康行为以及他们的心理健康和身体健康结果之间的关联。

方法

我们使用新开发的健康位置指数（HLI）来识别人们居住的促进健康和限制健康的环境特征。然后，我们使用来自新西兰态度和价值观调查（NZAVS；N=47951）的 2018 年时间 10 （Time 10）数据，这是新西兰成年人的全国概率样本，来衡量心理健康结果，包括抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰，身体健康结果，包括 BMI 和 II 型糖尿病，以及健康行为，如吸烟和吸电子烟。采用具有个体嵌套在地理区域（网格块）中的随机截距的线性和逻辑混合效应回归模型。