Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Methods Cell Biol. 2022;168:191-219. doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.015. Epub 2022 Jan 20.
Burn injury results in a triad of inter-related adaptive responses: a systemic inflammatory response, a stress response, and a consequent hypermetabolic state which supports the former two. These pathological responses extend beyond the site of injury to affect distant organs and influence long-term outcomes in the patient. Animal models have proven valuable in advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying the multifactorial manifestations of burn injury. While rodent models have been unprecedented in providing insights into signaling pathways, metabolic responses, protein turnover, cellular and molecular changes; small animal models do not replicate hypermetabolism, hyperinflammation, and wound healing after a burn injury as seen in humans. Herein, we provide a concise review of preferred large animal models utilized to understand burn pathophysiology based on organ systems and associated dysfunction. Additionally, we present a detailed protocol of contact burn injury in the Yorkshire pig model with a focus on preoperative care, anesthesia, analgesia, wound excision and grafting, dressing application, and frequency of dressing changes.
全身炎症反应、应激反应，以及随后支持前两者的高代谢状态。这些病理反应不仅局限于损伤部位，还会影响远处的器官，并影响患者的长期预后。动物模型在深入了解烧伤多因素表现的机制方面证明是非常有价值的。虽然啮齿动物模型在提供对信号通路、代谢反应、蛋白质周转、细胞和分子变化的见解方面具有前所未有的优势，但小型动物模型并不能复制人类烧伤后所见的高代谢、高度炎症和伤口愈合。在此，我们根据器官系统和相关功能障碍，简要综述了用于了解烧伤病理生理学的首选大型动物模型。此外，我们还提供了一种详细的约克夏猪模型接触烧伤方案，重点介绍了术前护理、麻醉、镇痛、伤口切除和植皮、敷料应用以及敷料更换的频率。
