Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Sep;71(17):3241-55. doi: 10.1007/s00018-014-1612-5. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
Burn injury is a severe form of trauma affecting more than 2 million people in North America each year. Burn trauma is not a single pathophysiological event but a devastating injury that causes structural and functional deficits in numerous organ systems. Due to its complexity and the involvement of multiple organs, in vitro experiments cannot capture this complexity nor address the pathophysiology. In the past two decades, a number of burn animal models have been developed to replicate the various aspects of burn injury, to elucidate the pathophysiology, and to explore potential treatment interventions. Understanding the advantages and limitations of these animal models is essential for the design and development of treatments that are clinically relevant to humans. This review aims to highlight the common animal models of burn injury in order to provide investigators with a better understanding of the benefits and limitations of these models for translational applications. While many animal models of burn exist, we limit our discussion to the skin healing of mouse, rat, and pig. Additionally, we briefly explain hypermetabolic characteristics of burn injury and the animal model utilized to study this phenomena. Finally, we discuss the economic costs associated with each of these models in order to guide decisions of choosing the appropriate animal model for burn research.
烧伤是一种严重的创伤，每年影响北美超过 200 万人。烧伤创伤不是单一的病理生理事件，而是一种破坏性的损伤，会导致多个器官系统的结构和功能缺陷。由于其复杂性和涉及多个器官，体外实验无法捕捉到这种复杂性，也无法解决病理生理学问题。在过去的二十年中，已经开发了许多烧伤动物模型来复制烧伤损伤的各个方面，以阐明病理生理学，并探索潜在的治疗干预措施。了解这些动物模型的优缺点对于设计和开发与人类临床相关的治疗方法至关重要。本综述旨在强调常见的烧伤动物模型，以便研究人员更好地了解这些模型在转化应用中的优缺点。虽然存在许多烧伤动物模型，但我们将讨论限制在小鼠、大鼠和猪的皮肤愈合方面。此外，我们还简要解释了烧伤的高代谢特征以及用于研究该现象的动物模型。最后，我们讨论了每种模型的经济成本，以指导选择烧伤研究的适当动物模型的决策。
