Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2022 Jul;39(7):976-983. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2053702. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
Chronic low-grade inflammation is an underlying risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, including cancer. Eating earlier in the day has been associated with a reduction in levels of inflammatory markers and inflammation-related health outcomes (e.g., obesity, metabolic disorders). This cross-sectional study of 249 obese African-American women examined the effect of various mealtime-related factors associated with macronutrient consumption in relation to chronic inflammation and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RAD) readings. During 2011 and 2013, a single 24-hour dietary recall was administered, blood samples were assayed for c-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and BI-RAD ratings were assessed to determine the influence of mealtime on chronic inflammation and breast cancer risk score. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to assess these relationships. Higher carbohydrate consumption at breakfast was associated with a significantly lower CRP vs. higher carbohydrate consumption at dinner (6.99, vs. 9.56 mg/L, respectively, p = .03). Additionally, every 1-unit increase in percent energy consumed after 5PM resulted in a BI-RAD reading indicating a possibly suspicious abnormality (OR: 1.053, 95% CI: 1.003-1.105), suggesting an increase in breast cancer risk. Timing of energy and macronutrient intake may have important implications for reducing the risk of diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
慢性低度炎症是许多慢性疾病（包括癌症）的潜在风险因素。研究表明，一天中早点进食与炎症标志物水平降低和与炎症相关的健康结果（如肥胖、代谢紊乱）有关。本项针对 249 名肥胖非裔美国女性的横断面研究，探讨了与宏量营养素消耗相关的各种与用餐时间相关的因素对慢性炎症和乳房成像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）读数的影响。在 2011 年和 2013 年期间，进行了一次 24 小时饮食回忆，测定了血液样本中的 C 反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6），并评估了 BI-RADS 评分，以确定用餐时间对慢性炎症和乳腺癌风险评分的影响。采用多元线性和逻辑回归模型来评估这些关系。早餐时碳水化合物的摄入量较高与 CRP 显著降低有关，而晚餐时碳水化合物的摄入量较高（分别为 6.99 与 9.56mg/L，p = 0.03）。此外，下午 5 点以后每增加 1%的能量摄入，BI-RADS 读数就会指示可能存在可疑异常（OR：1.053，95%CI：1.003-1.105），这表明乳腺癌风险增加。能量和宏量营养素摄入的时间可能对降低与慢性炎症相关的疾病风险具有重要意义。
