Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2022 Mar 28;46. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2022.46.11.
The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) performs regular period-prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance in selected enteric gram-negative pathogens. The 2020 survey was the eighth year to focus on bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacterales, and the sixth year in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species were included. Eight thousand seven hundred and fifty-two isolates, comprising Enterobacterales (7,871, 89.9%), P. aeruginosa (771, 8.8%) and Acinetobacter species (110, 1.3%), were tested using commercial automated methods. The results were analysed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints (January 2021). Of the key resistances, resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone was found in 13.5%/13.5% (CLSI/EUCAST criteria) of Escherichia coli and 8.7%/8.7% of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were 16.1%/16.1% for E. coli; 9.9%/9.9% for K. pneumoniae; 5.8%/5.8% for Enterobacter cloacae complex; and 4.5%/8.1% for P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 2.5%/6.6%; 3.9%/12.5%; 16.9%/26.3%; and 5.5%/14.4% for the same four species respectively. Thirty-two isolates from 32 patients were shown to harbour at least one carbapenemase gene: 19 blaIMP-4, three blaGES-5, two blaNDM-1, two blaNDM-5, two blaOXA-48, two blaOXA-181, one blaIMI-1, and one blaOXA-23+NDM-1.
澳大利亚抗菌药物耐药监测组（AGAR）定期进行定群研究，以监测特定肠道革兰氏阴性病原体的抗菌药物耐药性变化。2020 年的调查是第八年关注肠杆菌科引起的血流感染，也是第六年同时纳入铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属。使用商业自动化方法检测了 8752 株分离株，包括肠杆菌科（7871 株，89.9%）、铜绿假单胞菌（771 株，8.8%）和不动杆菌属（110 株，1.3%）。使用临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）和欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会（EUCAST）的折点（2021 年 1 月）分析结果。在主要耐药性方面，头孢曲松的第三代头孢菌素耐药性在大肠杆菌中为 13.5%/13.5%（CLSI/EUCAST 标准），在肺炎克雷伯菌中为 8.7%/8.7%。环丙沙星的耐药率为大肠杆菌 16.1%/16.1%；肺炎克雷伯菌 9.9%/9.9%；阴沟肠杆菌复合体 5.8%/5.8%；铜绿假单胞菌 4.5%/8.1%。哌拉西林他唑巴坦的耐药率分别为肠杆菌科 2.5%/6.6%；3.9%/12.5%；16.9%/26.3%；铜绿假单胞菌 5.5%/14.4%。32 名患者的 32 株分离株至少携带一种碳青霉烯酶基因：19 株 blaIMP-4、3 株 blaGES-5、2 株 blaNDM-1、2 株 blaNDM-5、2 株 blaOXA-48、2 株 blaOXA-181、1 株 blaIMI-1 和 1 株 blaOXA-23+NDM-1。
