Department of Livestock Production and Management, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, India.
Department of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Belgachia, Kolkata, India.
Int J Biometeorol. 2022 Jul;66(7):1349-1364. doi: 10.1007/s00484-022-02281-7. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
The present study investigated the effect of seasonal heat stress on the physiological, behavioural and blood bio-chemical profile of adult Ghoongroo pigs (1.5-2 years of age) of different physiological groups. Thirty Ghoongroo pigs (10 boars, 10 non-pregnant sows and 10 pregnant sows) were allotted to individual pens. The study continued for 1 year covering three main seasons, i.e. summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February) season. Temperature humidity index was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer (83.2 ± 0.47) followed by rainy (68.5 ± 1.13) and winter (66.8 ± 0.67) seasons, which indicated that pigs were exposed to heat stress during summer. Rectal temperature and pulse rate were not affected by group × season interaction but were affected by group (P = 0.002) and season (P < 0.001), which were usually greater during summer than during winter and in boars than in pregnant sows. Respiration rate was affected by group × season interaction (P = 0.002), which was greater in boars than in non-pregnant and pregnant sows during summer and rainy season but was similar in winter among the groups. Total erythrocytes, leucocytes counts, and cortisol levels were influenced by group (P < 0.001), season (P < 0.001) and group × season interaction (P < 0.001), which increased in summer compared with winter. Sodium and potassium concentrations in serum were not affected by group and group × season interaction but were affected by season (P < 0.001), which were lower in summer than in winter. All behaviour activities (standing, resting and roaming time, urination, fighting and drinking frequency) were affected by group (P < 0.001), season (P < 0.001) and group × season interaction (P < 0.001), except eating time that was only influenced by season. The present study suggested that Ghoongroo pigs experienced heat stress during summer, which was reflected in physiological, blood-biochemical and behavioural alterations.
本研究调查了季节性热应激对不同生理群体成年 Ghoongroo 猪（1.5-2 岁）的生理、行为和血液生化特征的影响。30 头 Ghoongroo 猪（10 头公猪、10 头非妊娠母猪和 10 头妊娠母猪）被分配到单独的猪栏中。研究持续了 1 年，涵盖了三个主要季节，即夏季（3 月-6 月）、雨季（7 月-10 月）和冬季（11 月-2 月）。夏季的温湿度指数显著（P<0.05）较高（83.2±0.47），其次是雨季（68.5±1.13）和冬季（66.8±0.67），这表明猪在夏季受到热应激。直肠温度和脉搏率不受组×季节相互作用的影响，但受组（P=0.002）和季节（P<0.001）的影响，夏季通常高于冬季，公猪高于妊娠母猪。呼吸率受组×季节相互作用的影响（P=0.002），夏季和雨季时公猪的呼吸率高于非妊娠母猪和妊娠母猪，但冬季各组之间相似。总红细胞、白细胞计数和皮质醇水平受组（P<0.001）、季节（P<0.001）和组×季节相互作用（P<0.001）的影响，与冬季相比，夏季有所增加。血清中钠和钾的浓度不受组和组×季节相互作用的影响，但受季节的影响（P<0.001），夏季低于冬季。除了仅受季节影响的进食时间外，所有行为活动（站立、休息和漫游时间、排尿、打架和饮水频率）均受组（P<0.001）、季节（P<0.001）和组×季节相互作用（P<0.001）的影响。本研究表明，Ghoongroo 猪在夏季经历了热应激，这反映在生理、血液生化和行为改变上。
