Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education (CARE), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
J Nutr. 2022 Jul 6;152(7):1747-1754. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac082.
Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is linked to adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Asian Americans (AAs) are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States, yet their dietary patterns have seldom been described.
The aim was to characterize UPF consumption among AAs and determine whether acculturation is associated with increased UPF consumption.
The NHANES is an annual, cross-sectional survey representative of the US population. We examined 2011-2018 NHANES data, which included 2404 AAs ≥18 y old with valid 24-h dietary recall. Using day 1 dietary recall data, we characterized UPF consumption as the percentage of caloric intake from UPFs, using the NOVA classification system. Acculturation was characterized by nativity status, nativity status and years in the United States combined, home language, and an acculturation index. We assessed the association between acculturation and UPF consumption using linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, income, self-reported health, and self-reported diet quality.
UPFs provided, on average, 39.3% (95% CI: 38.1%, 40.5%) of total energy intake among AAs. In adjusted regression analyses, UPF consumption was 14% (95% CI: 9.5%, 17.5%; P < 0.05) greater among those with the highest compared with the lowest acculturation index score, 12% (95% CI: 8.5%, 14.7%: P < 0.05) greater among those who speak English only compared with non-English only in the home, 12% (95% CI: 8.6%, 14.7%: P < 0.05) greater among US-born compared with foreign-born AAs, and 15% (95% CI: 10.7%, 18.3%: P < 0.05) greater among US-born compared with foreign-born AAs with <10 y in the United States.
UPF consumption was common among AAs, and acculturation was strongly associated with greater proportional UPF intake. As the US-born AA population continues to grow, UPF consumption in this group is likely to increase. Further research on disaggregated AA subgroups is warranted to inform culturally tailored dietary interventions.
超加工食品（UPF）的消费与不良健康结果有关，包括心血管疾病和全因死亡率。亚裔美国人（AAs）是美国增长最快的族裔群体，但他们的饮食模式很少被描述。
本研究旨在描述 AAs 中超加工食品的消费情况，并确定文化适应是否与 UPF 消费的增加有关。
NHANES 是一项年度的、具有代表性的美国人群横断面调查。我们研究了 2011-2018 年 NHANES 数据，其中包括 2404 名年龄在 18 岁及以上、有有效 24 小时膳食回顾的亚裔美国人。我们使用第 1 天膳食回顾数据，使用 NOVA 分类系统，将 UPF 消费描述为 UPF 热量摄入的百分比。文化适应通过原籍国、原籍国和在美国的居住年限、家庭语言和文化适应指数来描述。我们使用线性回归分析调整年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、收入、自我报告的健康状况和自我报告的饮食质量，评估文化适应与 UPF 消费之间的关联。
超加工食品平均提供了 AAs 总能量摄入的 39.3%（95%置信区间：38.1%，40.5%）。在调整后的回归分析中，与文化适应指数最低的相比，文化适应指数最高的 AAs 的 UPF 消费增加了 14%（95%置信区间：9.5%，17.5%；P<0.05），在家中只说英语的 AAs 比不说英语的 AAs 增加了 12%（95%置信区间：8.5%，14.7%；P<0.05），美国出生的 AAs 比外国出生的 AAs 增加了 12%（95%置信区间：8.6%，14.7%；P<0.05），在美国居住不到 10 年的美国出生的 AAs 比外国出生的 AAs 增加了 15%（95%置信区间：10.7%，18.3%；P<0.05）。
超加工食品的消费在 AAs 中很常见，文化适应与 UPF 摄入的比例增加密切相关。随着美国出生的亚裔美国人人口的持续增长，这一群体中超加工食品的消费可能会增加。有必要对不同的亚裔美国人亚组进行进一步研究，为有针对性的饮食干预措施提供信息。
