National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
Seizure. 2022 May;98:13-18. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.04.001. Epub 2022 Apr 3.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (Abs) are associated with various central nervous system demyelinating disorders. Recently, they were detected in cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE), which often causes seizures. We performed a literature review to elucidate the electroclinical features of CCE. In addition to the published cases, we describe a new, illustrative case of MOG-Ab-associated CCE (MOG-CCE) with multifocal seizures documented by video electroencephalograph (EEG).
We searched PubMed with the keywords "[MOG] AND [encephalitis]" and reviewed relevant articles. The articles included reports of patients with CCE (as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging) and serum MOG Ab positivity. Cases were excluded if no epileptic seizures were reported or if details of the seizures were unavailable.
Our literature review identified 34 patients with MOG-CCE. An analysis of these 34 cases and the new case showed that 20 patients were male (57.1%), and the median age at presentation was 23 years (range, 6 to 46 years). Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure was the most common seizure type, followed by focal motor seizure in the face or an arm or leg. EEG findings were available for 26 patients. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and ictal EEG patterns were seen in 10 (38.5%) and 5 (19.2%) patients, respectively. Focal EEG abnormalities, including slow waves and IEDs, were observed in the central, parietal, occipital, or posterior temporal region.
MOG-CCE has distinctive electroclinical features that differ from those of other autoimmune encephalitides. Careful electroclinical analysis of seizures can be helpful for diagnosing MOG-CCE.
髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG）抗体与各种中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病有关。最近，它们在大脑皮质脑炎（CCE）中被检测到，而 CCE 常引起癫痫发作。我们进行了文献回顾，以阐明 CCE 的电临床特征。除了已发表的病例外，我们还描述了一例新的、有代表性的 MOG-Ab 相关性 CCE（MOG-CCE）病例，该病例有局灶性多灶性癫痫发作，由视频脑电图（EEG）记录。
我们在 PubMed 上使用关键词“[MOG] AND [脑炎]”进行搜索，并回顾了相关文章。这些文章包括 CCE（磁共振成像显示）和血清 MOG Ab 阳性患者的报告。如果未报告癫痫发作或癫痫发作的详细信息，则排除病例。
我们的文献综述确定了 34 例 MOG-CCE 患者。对这 34 例病例和新病例的分析表明，20 例为男性（57.1%），发病时的中位年龄为 23 岁（范围，6 至 46 岁）。局灶性至双侧强直阵挛性发作是最常见的癫痫发作类型，其次是面、臂或腿局灶性运动性发作。26 例患者有脑电图发现。10 例（38.5%）患者有发作间期癫痫样放电（IEDs），5 例（19.2%）患者有发作期脑电图模式。中央、顶叶、枕叶或后颞叶观察到局灶性脑电图异常，包括慢波和 IEDs。
MOG-CCE 具有独特的电临床特征，与其他自身免疫性脑炎不同。仔细的癫痫发作电临床分析有助于诊断 MOG-CCE。
