Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Geomorphology and Quaternary Paleogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 9;12(1):6009. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09903-5.
The aim of this study was to use a pedodiversity index (PI) to assess changes in the spatial structure of soil cover in Inowrocław, Poland during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. An original cartographic approach based on landscape metrics was implemented using GIS techniques and statistical calculations. Based on maps of urban soil complexes and pedodiversity, it was revealed that land and soil cover changes in two studied periods (1934-1978 and 1978-2016) significantly affected pedodiversity in the city. In general, the spatio-temporal increase of the pedodiversity index was observed. The percentage of highest values of the PI ranged from 15.9% in 1934, 17.3% in 1978 to 20.9% in 2016. We revealed that pedodiversity index (PI) values are highly spatially and temporally variable and are associated with urban development and changes in the city's internal structure. The applied approach allowed for the identification of both spatial patterns of changes in soil cover that closely reflect the successive stages of the city's development, and problem areas that require revitalization and the implementation of the principles of sustainable development. Therefore, the proposed method can be recommended for landscape monitoring and in determining ecosystem services in urban and landscape planning, and environmental management.
本研究旨在利用土地多样性指数（PI）评估波兰因诺霍洛瓦市二十世纪和二十一世纪土壤覆盖空间结构的变化。本研究采用基于景观指标的原创制图方法，并结合 GIS 技术和统计计算来实现。基于城市土壤综合体和土地多样性地图，揭示了两个研究时期（1934-1978 年和 1978-2016 年）的土地和土壤覆盖变化对城市土地多样性产生了重大影响。总体而言，土地多样性指数在时空上呈增加趋势。PI 的最高值百分比范围从 1934 年的 15.9%、1978 年的 17.3%增加到 2016 年的 20.9%。我们发现土地多样性指数（PI）值在时空上高度可变，与城市发展和城市内部结构变化有关。所采用的方法能够识别土壤覆盖变化的空间模式，这些模式密切反映了城市发展的连续阶段以及需要振兴和实施可持续发展原则的问题区域。因此，该方法可推荐用于城市和景观规划以及环境管理中的景观监测和生态系统服务的确定。
