Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Prog Brain Res. 2022;271(1):191-228. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.009. Epub 2022 Mar 4.
Animal models of autonomic correlates of defense behavior range from fish to mammals. There is however no study reporting heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and body temperature simultaneously recorded in the same animal in association to different forms of immobility in response to threat: freezing, restraint-sustained immobility and tonic immobility (TI). In a prey/ predator context freezing behavior is associated with bradycardia and no change in blood pressure but in other conditions (e.g., extreme stressful stimuli) may be associated with tachycardia and hypertension. Restraint-sustained immobility does not affect blood pressure but may reduce heart rate according to the type of stimulus and mechanical pressure. Blood pressure and heart rate oscillate during TI induction and adjust at basal levels during TI, sometimes gradually decreasing below basal levels. In conclusion, in all these passive defense responses, the immobility is not due to a blood pressure collapse.
动物防御行为自主相关的模型范围从鱼类到哺乳动物。然而，目前还没有研究报告在同一动物身上同时记录到不同形式的不动反应（如冻结、束缚持续不动和强直不动）与不同形式的不动反应（如冻结、束缚持续不动和强直不动）相关的心率和呼吸率、血压和体温。在捕食者/被捕食者的情境中，冻结行为与心率减慢和血压不变有关，但在其他情况下（例如，极度应激刺激）可能与心率加快和高血压有关。束缚持续不动不会影响血压，但可能会根据刺激类型和机械压力降低心率。在强直不动诱导期间，血压和心率会波动，并在强直不动期间调整到基础水平，有时会逐渐低于基础水平。总之，在所有这些被动防御反应中，不动并不是由于血压下降引起的。
