University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 May;92:103861. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103861. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
Currently several pyrethroids (e.g., flumethrin and tau-fluvalinate) are used in apiculture worldwide as acaricides/miticides. The long half-lives of pyrethroids in synthetic acaricides applied to hive matrices, may adversely affect the health of bee colony. The potentially adverse effects of synthetic acaricide/miticide tau-fluvalinate (tech.) on winter honeybees were assessed in this study (OECD 245 2017). No dose-dependent mortality in in vitro reared winter honeybees was observed after chronic oral 10-day exposure to syrup (50% w/v) spiked with a maximum concentration of 750 μg a.i./kg diet and its 1/10 concentration. The No Observed Effect Concentration is ≥ 750 μg a.i./kg diet. Tau-fluvalinate testing for the sublethal effects on bee immune system showed up-regulated gene expression encoding abaecin, lysozyme, and defensin in both tested groups, however the expression of hymenoptaecin gene was reduced. Moreover, tau-fluvalinate significantly induced levels of DNA damage in exposed bees, which can result in adverse genotoxic effect.
目前，全世界范围内有几种拟除虫菊酯（如氟氯氰菊酯和四氟苯菊酯）被用作杀螨剂/杀 mite 剂来防治蜜蜂寄生虫。在蜂箱基质上使用的合成杀螨剂/杀 mite 剂中拟除虫菊酯的半衰期较长，可能会对蜜蜂种群的健康造成不利影响。本研究评估了拟除虫菊酯杀 mite 剂四氟苯菊酯（技术级）对冬季蜜蜂的潜在不利影响（OECD 245 2017）。在慢性经口 10 天暴露于糖浆（50%w/v）中，其最高浓度为 750μg a.i./kg 饮食及其 1/10 浓度后，在体外饲养的冬季蜜蜂中未观察到剂量依赖性死亡率。未观察到的效应浓度为≥750μg a.i./kg 饮食。四氟苯菊酯对蜜蜂免疫系统的亚致死效应测试显示，在两组测试中，abaecin、溶菌酶和防御素的基因表达均上调，但 hymenoptaecin 基因的表达减少。此外，四氟苯菊酯显著诱导了暴露蜜蜂的 DNA 损伤水平，这可能导致不利的遗传毒性效应。
