PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through PHYSICAL ACTIVITY" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Biohealth Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022 Jul;32(7):1119-1130. doi: 10.1111/sms.14163. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
To analyze whether 13 weeks of integrative neuromuscular training can benefit spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of gait in children with overweight/obesity.
This is a non-randomized controlled trial. Fifty children (10.77 ± 1.24 years, 31 girls) with overweight/obesity were allocated to an exercise group (EG) (n = 25) that carried out a 13-week exercise program based on fundamental movement skills, strength activities and aerobic training, and a control group (CG) (n = 25) that followed their normal lifestyle. Spatiotemporal (i.e., cadence, stance and support times, step length, and stride width) and kinematic (i.e., hip, pelvis, knee, and ankle angles) parameters were evaluated under laboratory conditions through a 3D analysis. ANCOVA was used to test raw and z-score differences between the EG and CG at post-exercise, adjusting for pre-exercise values.
The EG maintained their baseline stance and single-limb support times while the CG increased them during walking (groups' difference: 3.1 and 1.9 centiseconds). The EG maintained baseline maximum foot abduction angle during the stance phase whereas the CG showed an increase (groups' difference: 3.9º). Additional analyses on kinematic profiles demonstrated that the EG walked with similar pelvic tilt and ankle abduction angles at post-exercise, while the CG increased the pelvic anterior tilt in the whole stance phase (mean groups' difference: 7.7º) and the ankle abduction angles in early- and mid-stance phases (mean groups' difference: 4.6º). No changes were observed in the rest of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters.
The integrative neuromuscular training stopped the progression of some biomechanical alterations during walking in children with overweight/obesity. These findings could contribute to preventing common movement-derived musculoskeletal disorders in this population, as well as preserving an optimal mechanical efficiency during walking.
分析 13 周整合神经肌肉训练是否有益于超重/肥胖儿童的步态时空和运动学参数。
这是一项非随机对照试验。将 50 名超重/肥胖儿童（10.77 ± 1.24 岁，31 名女孩）分为运动组（EG）（n = 25）和对照组（CG）（n = 25）。运动组进行基于基本运动技能、力量活动和有氧运动的 13 周运动计划，对照组则保持正常生活方式。在实验室条件下，通过三维分析评估时空（即步频、支撑和站立时间、步长和步宽）和运动学（即髋关节、骨盆、膝关节和踝关节角度）参数。协方差分析用于测试运动后 EG 和 CG 之间的原始和 z 评分差异，同时调整了运动前的值。
EG 在步行时保持了基线站立和单腿支撑时间，而 CG 则增加了这些时间（组间差异：3.1 和 1.9 毫秒）。EG 在站立阶段保持了基线最大足外展角度，而 CG 则增加了该角度（组间差异：3.9°）。对运动学特征的进一步分析表明，EG 在运动后以相似的骨盆倾斜角和踝关节外展角行走，而 CG 在整个站立阶段增加了骨盆前倾角（平均组间差异：7.7°）和早、中站立阶段的踝关节外展角（平均组间差异：4.6°）。其他时空和运动学参数没有变化。
整合神经肌肉训练阻止了超重/肥胖儿童在步行时某些生物力学变化的进展。这些发现有助于预防该人群中常见的运动源性肌肉骨骼疾病，并在步行时保持最佳的机械效率。
