[Focused dilemmas in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasms].

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) originate from neuroendocrine cells diffusely distributed throughout the body. NENs are liable to be misdiagnosed and missed clinically, which brings great difficulties to clinical diagnosis and treatment, and seriously affects their prognosis. This article will introduce the difficulties and hot spots in the diagnosis and treatment of NENs from the aspects of laboratory and pathological examinations, anatomical and functional imaging examinations, including endoscopy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, somatostatin analogue and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. It aims to provide more ideas for the early diagnosis and early treatment of NENs, standardized diagnosis and treatment of high-grade NENs in the middle and late stages, and to provide more strategies for clinical multidisciplinary experts towards the management of focused dilemmas in NENs.