Pandey Manisha, Jain Neha, Kanoujia Jovita, Hussain Zahid, Gorain Bapi
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 24;13:865590. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865590. eCollection 2022.
Treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders is challenging using conventional delivery strategies and routes of administration because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This BBB restricts the permeation of most of the therapeutics targeting the brain because of its impervious characteristics. Thus, the challenges of delivering the therapeutic agents across the BBB to the brain overcoming the issue of insufficient entry of neurotherapeutics require immediate attention for recovering from the issues by the use of modern platforms of drug delivery and novel routes of administration. Therefore, the advancement of drug delivery tools and delivering these tools using the intranasal route of drug administration have shown the potential of circumventing the BBB, thereby delivering the therapeutics to the brain at a significant concentration with minimal exposure to systemic circulation. These novel strategies could lead to improved efficacy of antipsychotic agents using several advanced drug delivery tools while delivered the intranasal route. This review emphasized the present challenges of delivering the neurotherapeutics to the brain using conventional routes of administration and overcoming the issues by exploring the intranasal route of drug administration to deliver the therapeutics circumventing the biological barrier of the brain. An overview of different problems with corresponding solutions in administering therapeutics the intranasal route with special emphasis on advanced drug delivery systems targeting to deliver CNS therapeutics has been focused. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical advancements on the delivery of antipsychotics using this intranasal route have also been emphasized.
由于血脑屏障（BBB）的存在，使用传统给药策略和途径治疗中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病具有挑战性。这种血脑屏障因其不可渗透的特性，限制了大多数靶向大脑的治疗药物的渗透。因此，通过现代药物递送平台和新型给药途径克服神经治疗药物进入不足的问题，将治疗剂穿过血脑屏障递送至大脑的挑战亟待关注。因此，药物递送工具的进步以及通过鼻腔给药途径递送这些工具已显示出绕过血脑屏障的潜力，从而以高浓度将治疗剂递送至大脑，同时使全身循环暴露最小化。这些新策略可能会在通过鼻腔给药途径递送时，利用多种先进药物递送工具提高抗精神病药物的疗效。本综述强调了使用传统给药途径将神经治疗药物递送至大脑的当前挑战，以及通过探索鼻腔给药途径来克服这些问题，从而绕过大脑的生物屏障递送治疗剂。重点概述了鼻腔给药途径中不同问题的相应解决方案，特别强调了靶向递送中枢神经系统治疗药物的先进药物递送系统。此外，还强调了使用这种鼻腔给药途径递送抗精神病药物的临床前和临床进展。
