Arshad Mubashar, Hussain Azad, Hassan Ali, Khan Ilyas, Badran Mohamed, Mehrez Sadok, Elfasakhany Ashraf, Abdeljawad Thabet, Galal Ahmed M
Department of Mathematics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Apr 4;12(7):1204. doi: 10.3390/nano12071204.
The objective of the present research is to obtain enhanced heat and reduce skin friction rates. Different nanofluids are employed over an exponentially stretching surface to analyze the heat transfer coefficients. The mathematical model for the problem has been derived with the help of the Rivilin-Erickson tensor and an appropriate boundary layer approximation theory. The current problem has been tackled with the help of the boundary value problem algorithm in Matlab. The convergence criterion, or tolerance for this particular problem, is set at 10. The outcomes are obtained to demonstrate the characteristics of different parameters, such as the temperature exponent, volume fraction, and stretching ratio parameter graphically. Silver-water nanofluid proved to have a high-temperature transfer rate when compared with zinc-water and copper-water nanofluid. Moreover, the outcomes of the study are validated by providing a comparison with already published work. The results of this study were found to be in complete agreement with those of Magyari and Keller and also with Lui for heat transfer. The novelty of this work is the comparative inspection of enhanced heat transfer rates and reduced drag and lift coefficients, particularly for three nanofluids, namely, zinc-water, copper-water, and silver-water, over an exponentially stretching. In general, this study suggests more frequent exploitation of all the examined nanofluids, especially Ag-water nanofluid. Moreover, specifically under the obtained outcomes in this research, the examined nanofluid, Ag-water, has great potential to be used in flat plate solar collectors. Ag-water can also be tested in natural convective flat plate solar collector systems under real solar effects.
本研究的目的是提高热传递并降低皮肤摩擦率。在指数拉伸表面上使用不同的纳米流体来分析传热系数。借助里夫林 - 埃里克森张量和适当的边界层近似理论推导出该问题的数学模型。当前问题借助Matlab中的边值问题算法得以解决。针对此特定问题的收敛准则或容差设定为10。通过图形展示不同参数（如温度指数、体积分数和拉伸比参数）的特性来获得结果。与锌 - 水和铜 - 水纳米流体相比，银 - 水纳米流体被证明具有较高的热传递速率。此外，通过与已发表的工作进行比较来验证该研究的结果。本研究的结果被发现与马吉亚里和凯勒以及吕对于热传递的结果完全一致。这项工作的新颖之处在于对增强的热传递速率以及降低的阻力和升力系数进行比较研究，特别是针对在指数拉伸表面上的三种纳米流体，即锌 - 水、铜 - 水和银 - 水。总体而言，本研究建议更频繁地利用所有被研究的纳米流体，尤其是银 - 水纳米流体。此外，具体根据本研究获得的结果，被研究的纳米流体银 - 水在平板太阳能集热器中有很大的应用潜力。银 - 水也可以在真实太阳效应下的自然对流平板太阳能集热器系统中进行测试。
