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从采矿、冶金提取工业及工业废料中回收钪的方法。

Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes.

作者信息

Salman Ali Dawood, Juzsakova Tatjána, Mohsen Saja, Abdullah Thamer Adnan, Le Phuoc-Cuong, Sebestyen Viktor, Sluser Brindusa, Cretescu Igor

机构信息

Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.

Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University, Basra 61007, Iraq.

出版信息

Materials (Basel). 2022 Mar 23;15(7):2376. doi: 10.3390/ma15072376.

DOI:10.3390/ma15072376
PMID:35407709
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8999471/
Abstract

The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial activities, considering that they provide the highest extraction efficiency of any of the valuable components. Due to the chemical and physical similarities of the rare earth metals, the separation and purification processes of Sc are difficult tasks. Sc has also been extracted from acidic solutions using carboxylic acids, amines, and acidic β-diketone, among other solvents and chemicals. For improving the extraction efficiencies, the development of mixed extractants or synergistic systems for the SX of Sc has been carried out in recent years. Different operational parameters play an important role in the extraction process, such as the type of the aqueous phase and its acidity, the aqueous (A) to organic (O) and solid (S) to liquid (L) phase ratios, as well as the type of the diluents. Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The hydrometallurgical methods (acid leaching and SX) were effective for Sc recovery. Furthermore, the OPCs bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA/P204) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) showed interesting potential taking into consideration some co-extracted metals such as Fe(III) and Ti(IV).

摘要

详细讨论了利用溶剂萃取（SX）从废物和各种资源中回收钪（Sc）的方法。此外，还介绍了钪回收的冶金萃取工艺。酸性和中性有机磷（OPCs）萃取剂在工业活动中应用最为广泛，因为它们对任何有价值成分的萃取效率最高。由于稀土金属在化学和物理性质上具有相似性，钪的分离和提纯过程是艰巨的任务。钪也已从酸性溶液中用羧酸、胺和酸性β - 二酮等其他溶剂和化学物质萃取出来。为了提高萃取效率，近年来开展了用于钪溶剂萃取的混合萃取剂或协同体系的研发。不同的操作参数在萃取过程中起着重要作用，如水相类型及其酸度、水相（A）与有机相（O）以及固相（S）与液相（L）的比例，还有稀释剂的类型。目前，钪的回收在工业生产中采用湿法冶金和火法冶金技术相结合的方式进行，如矿石预处理、浸出、溶剂萃取、沉淀和煅烧。湿法冶金方法（酸浸和溶剂萃取）对钪的回收是有效的。此外，考虑到一些共萃取金属如铁（III）和钛（IV），有机磷化合物二（2 - 乙基己基）磷酸（D2EHPA/P204）和磷酸三丁酯（TBP）显示出有趣的潜力。

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