Zhang Qinglong, An Zaizhan, Huangfu Zehua, Li Qingbin
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Apr 1;15(7):2610. doi: 10.3390/ma15072610.
Successful quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) of earthwork compaction is critical to the long-term performance of roads, railways, airports, dams, and embankments. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the current practice, existing problems, challenges, and future development trends of QC/QA methods from the perspective of bibliometrics and the development stage. A bibliometric analysis is presented. Through quantitative analysis of literature and qualitative analysis of the development stage, insights into the current research practices and future directions of QC/QA methods have been derived from the perspectives of literature, cluster analysis, classification, different types of QC/QA methods, conclusions, and recommendations. It is found that the current QC/QA methods can be roughly divided into conventional compaction, digital rolling compaction, automatic rolling compaction, and intelligent control compaction. Currently, QC/QA methods are mainly confronted with the issues of accurate detection of compaction quality, autonomous optimization and intelligent decision-making of compaction process, multi-machine coordination, QC/QA-related specification formulation, and process standardization. To address these issues, several critical potential research directions are further identified: comprehensive CCI measurement system; simple and realistic mathematical representation of the complex compaction dynamics; parallel computing and distributed management of multi-source heterogeneous data; standardized application workflow and the cost-benefit assessment in the context of the full life cycle; intelligent control theories, methods, and technologies of earthwork compaction based on multidisciplinary integration. The paper enables researchers to obtain a comprehensive understanding of QC/QA methods for earthwork compaction as well as the suggested solutions for future work.
土方压实的成功质量控制和质量保证（QC/QA）对于道路、铁路、机场、大坝和堤坝的长期性能至关重要。本文旨在从文献计量学和发展阶段的角度，深入探讨QC/QA方法的当前实践、存在的问题、挑战以及未来发展趋势。进行了文献计量分析。通过对文献的定量分析和发展阶段的定性分析，从文献、聚类分析、分类、不同类型的QC/QA方法、结论和建议等角度，得出了对QC/QA方法当前研究实践和未来方向的见解。研究发现，当前的QC/QA方法大致可分为传统压实、数字碾压压实、自动碾压压实和智能控制压实。目前，QC/QA方法主要面临压实质量准确检测、压实过程自主优化与智能决策、多机协同、QC/QA相关规范制定以及过程标准化等问题。为解决这些问题，进一步确定了几个关键的潜在研究方向：综合压实度指数（CCI）测量系统；复杂压实动力学的简单且现实的数学表示；多源异构数据的并行计算和分布式管理；全生命周期背景下的标准化应用工作流程和成本效益评估；基于多学科融合的土方压实智能控制理论、方法和技术。本文使研究人员能够全面了解土方压实的QC/QA方法以及未来工作的建议解决方案。
