Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.
School of Environmental Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 26;19(7):3955. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073955.
Indonesia is host to a long history of gold mining and is responsible for a significant contribution to world gold production. This is true not only with regard to large gold mining companies but also to small-scale mining groups comprised of people and enterprises that participate in the gold industry of Indonesia. More than two thousand gold mining locations exist in present day Indonesia. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sites are spread out across thirty provinces in Indonesia, and have provided work opportunities and income for more than two million people. However, the majority of ASGM activities use rudimentary technologies that have serious impacts upon the environment, public health, and miners' safety, which in turn generate socio-economic impacts for people residing around the mine sites. Moreover, many ASGMs are not licensed and operate illegally, meaning that they are immune to governmental regulation, and do not provide income to the regions and states via taxes. The possibility for more prudent management of ASGM operations could become a reality with the involvement and cooperation of all relevant parties, especially communities, local government, police, and NGOs.
印度尼西亚有着悠久的金矿开采历史，对世界黄金产量做出了重大贡献。这不仅适用于大型金矿公司，也适用于由参与印度尼西亚黄金行业的个人和企业组成的小型矿业团体。目前印度尼西亚有两千多个金矿开采地点。印度尼西亚 30 个省都有手工和小规模金矿开采（ASGM）地点，为 200 多万人提供了工作机会和收入。然而，大多数 ASGM 活动采用的技术原始，对环境、公共卫生和矿工安全造成严重影响，进而对矿区周边居民造成社会经济影响。此外，许多 ASGM 未经许可非法经营，这意味着它们不受政府监管，也不通过税收为地区和国家提供收入。通过所有相关方，特别是社区、地方政府、警察和非政府组织的参与和合作，ASGM 业务可能会实现更谨慎的管理。
