Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil.
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de São José dos Campos-Humanitas, São José dos Campos 12220-061, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 27;19(7):3991. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073991.
Cancer is currently a major public health problem worldwide, with a marked increase of about 70% in the number of expected diagnosed cases over the next two decades. The amount of tobacco and alcohol consumed is calculated based on the subjective information provided by the user. Tobacco exposure can be assessed using the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and alcohol consumption by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).
Forty-eight subjects answered the Fagerström, and AUDIT tests and we studied them as likely screening tools for oral cancer and their correlation with the expression of , , , and genes by the RT-qPCR method.
There were significant differences in the AUDIT score and expression between cancer and control groups. Participants in advanced stages, whether due to tumor size or regional metastasis, showed significant differences in the duration of tobacco use, FTCD, AUDIT score, and expression when compared to patients in early stages. Among subjects without cancer, we found a significant correlation between participant age and expression. Furthermore, the expression of was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of tobacco use, and FTCD.
Questionnaires designed to evaluate the degree of tobacco and alcohol exposure and dependence combined with gene expression tests can be useful to assess the risk of developing oral cancer. Furthermore, raising the awareness of individuals regarding their degree of dependence and encouraging them to participate in cessation programs are important educational measures for the prevention of tobacco-related malignancies.
癌症目前是全球主要的公共卫生问题，预计未来二十年全球癌症新发病例数将增加约 70%。烟草和酒精的摄入量是根据用户提供的主观信息计算的。烟草暴露可以使用尼古丁依赖 Fagerström 测试（FTCD）进行评估，酒精摄入可以使用酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）进行评估。
48 名受试者回答了 Fagerström 和 AUDIT 测试，我们研究了它们作为口腔癌筛查工具的可能性，并通过 RT-qPCR 方法研究了它们与 、 、 、 基因表达的相关性。
癌症组和对照组之间 AUDIT 评分和 表达存在显著差异。与早期阶段的患者相比，处于晚期（无论是由于肿瘤大小还是区域转移）的患者在吸烟时间、FTCD、AUDIT 评分和 表达方面存在显著差异。在没有癌症的受试者中，我们发现受试者年龄与 表达之间存在显著相关性。此外， 表达与每天吸烟量、吸烟时间和 FTCD 显著相关。
评估烟草和酒精暴露和依赖程度的问卷与基因表达测试相结合可用于评估患口腔癌的风险。此外，提高个人对自身依赖程度的认识，并鼓励他们参与戒烟计划，是预防与烟草相关的恶性肿瘤的重要教育措施。
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