美国女性中持久性农药的尿液代谢物与血清性激素的关联：2013 - 2014年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）
Association of urinary metabolites of non-persistent pesticides with serum sex hormones among the US females: NHANES 2013-2014.
作者信息
Liang Huanzhu, Wu Xiaomei, Yao Huojie, Weng Xueqiong, Liu Shan, Chen Jingmin, Li Yexin, Wu Yingying, Wen Lin, Chen Qian, Jing Chunxia
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
出版信息
Chemosphere. 2022 Aug;300:134577. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134577. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
BACKGROUND
Evidence indicated the possibility of non-persistent pesticides disrupting the homeostasis of sex hormones. However, few studies have focused on this relationship in females. We aimed to explore the relationship between non-persistent pesticide exposure and sex hormones among the US females from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.
METHODS
A total of 790 females, including girls (6-11 years), female adolescents (12-19 years), and adult females (>19 years), were enrolled in this study. Age stratified associations of individual non-persistent pesticide metabolites and their mixtures with sex hormones were analyzed by weighted multiple linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) using spot urinary non-persistent pesticide measurement, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCPY), para-nitrophenol (PNP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and three serum sex hormones [total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)].
RESULTS
In girls, weighted multivariate linear regression indicated that both 2,4-D and PNP were negatively associated with TT, and TCPY was inversely associated with SHBG. In female adolescents, TCPY was negatively associated with TT and E2, and 3-PBA was negatively associated with SHBG; positive associations were detected both in 2,4-D with SHBG, and in PNP with TT. In adult females, a higher concentration of 3-PBA was associated with higher levels of TT. The BKMR model showed that in female adolescents, the concentrations of pesticide metabolite mixtures at or above the 55th percentile were negatively related to the levels of E2 compared with their mixtures at 50th percentile, and an inverse U-shaped exposure-response function between PNP and E2 was found.
CONCLUSIONS
Associations between the four non-persistent pesticide metabolites and serum sex hormones were identified in the US females from NHANES 2013-2014 and these associations were age dependent, especially in adolescents. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential biological mechanisms.
背景
有证据表明，非持久性农药有可能破坏性激素的内稳态。然而，很少有研究关注女性中的这种关系。我们旨在通过2013 - 2014年美国国家健康与营养检查调查，探讨美国女性中非持久性农药暴露与性激素之间的关系。
方法
本研究共纳入790名女性，包括女童（6 - 11岁）、女性青少年（12 - 19岁）和成年女性（>19岁）。通过加权多元线性回归和贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR），利用即时尿中非持久性农药测量值，分析个体非持久性农药代谢物及其混合物与性激素的年龄分层关联，测量的农药包括2,4 - 二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4 - D）、3,5,6 - 三氯吡啶醇（TCPY）、对硝基苯酚（PNP）和3 - 苯氧基苯甲酸（3 - PBA），以及三种血清性激素[总睾酮（TT）、雌二醇（E2）和性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）]。
结果
在女童中，加权多元线性回归表明，2,4 - D和PNP均与TT呈负相关，TCPY与SHBG呈负相关。在女性青少年中，TCPY与TT和E2呈负相关，3 - PBA与SHBG呈负相关；2,4 - D与SHBG以及PNP与TT之间均检测到正相关。在成年女性中，较高浓度的3 - PBA与较高水平的TT相关。BKMR模型显示，在女性青少年中，与第50百分位数的混合物相比，第55百分位数及以上的农药代谢物混合物浓度与E2水平呈负相关，并且发现PNP与E2之间存在倒U形暴露 - 反应函数。
结论
在2013 - 2014年美国国家健康与营养检查调查的美国女性中，确定了四种非持久性农药代谢物与血清性激素之间的关联，并且这些关联具有年龄依赖性，尤其是在青少年中。需要大规模队列研究来证实这些发现并阐明潜在的生物学机制。
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