Wong Pak Kin, Ghadikolaei Meisam Ahmadi, Chen Shou Hao, Fadairo Adebayo Afolabi, Ng Kar Wei, Lee Simon Ming Yuen, Xu Jin Cheng, Lian Zhen Dong, Li Lin, Wong Hang Cheong, Ning Zhi, Gali Nirmal Kumar, Zhao Jing
Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jul 15;434:128855. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128855. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
The lifetime and efficiency of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) strongly depend on the proper and periodic cleaning and servicing. Unfortunately, in some cases, inappropriate methods are applied to clean the DPFs, e.g., using air compressors without proper disposal procedures which can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and DPF's efficiency. However, there is no information available about the properties of this kind of PM. This research is therefore presented to explore the physicochemical and toxicity properties of aged PM trapped in a DPF (using compressed air for PM sampling) employing STEM, SEM, EDS, Organic Carbon Analyzer, TGA/DSC, and Raman Spectrometer for investigating the physicochemical properties, and assays of cell viability, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) for investigating the toxicity properties. Also, analyses from fresh PM samples from the diesel vehicle at two engine speeds are presented. It is found that at a certain/fixed PM number/mass for all three samples tested, the PM from DPF compared with the fresh PM can have both positive (particularly having the lowest water-soluble total carbon ratio) and negative impacts on human health (particularly having the highest cell death rate of 13.4%, ROS, and TNF-α) and the environment.
柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）的使用寿命和效率在很大程度上取决于恰当且定期的清洁与维护。不幸的是，在某些情况下，人们采用了不恰当的方法来清洁DPF，例如，使用空气压缩机且没有适当的处理程序，这可能会对人类健康、环境以及DPF的效率产生负面影响。然而，关于这类颗粒物（PM）的特性尚无可用信息。因此，本研究旨在探索捕集在DPF中的老化PM的物理化学和毒性特性（使用压缩空气进行PM采样），采用扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、有机碳分析仪、热重/差示扫描量热仪（TGA/DSC）和拉曼光谱仪来研究其物理化学特性，并通过细胞活力测定、细胞活性氧（ROS）、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）检测来研究其毒性特性。此外，还给出了柴油车在两种发动机转速下新鲜PM样品的分析结果。研究发现，对于所有测试的三个样品，在特定/固定的PM数量/质量下，与新鲜PM相比，DPF中的PM对人类健康（特别是具有13.4%的最高细胞死亡率、ROS和TNF-α）和环境可能既有积极影响（特别是具有最低的水溶性总碳比率）也有消极影响。
