Dpto. Análisis Económico, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente 5, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 May;301:114969. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114969. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
Previous studies found that individuals who harbor hostile attitudes toward immigrants & refugees tend to vote for far right nationalist parties, and that the same individuals also tend to report worse health status. We sought to test these associations using the latest data from 21 EU countries, and also whether the associations were moderated by the share of unemployed people in each region and individuals' labor situation.
We analyzed the second release of the 2016 European Social Survey which includes different questions about attitudes toward immigrants and refugees, as well as a rich variety of socioeconomic variables. Multilevel Poisson regression models were developed, regressing fair/poor health on attitudes towards immigrants & refugees.
For each one point increase in favorable attitudes toward immigrants, the prevalence of fair/poor health was reduced by 2 percentage points (PR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-0.99). In analyses incorporating cross-level interactions, the association was not moderated by high background unemployment rates or individual labor market attachment.
Positive attitudes toward immigrants are correlated with lower prevalence of fair/poor health in general, regardless of individuals' labor situation and the objective economic situation. Fostering empathy toward immigrants and refugees may thus promote a healthier society, especially among more prejudiced individuals.
先前的研究发现，对移民和难民持有敌对态度的人往往会投票给极右翼民族主义政党，而且这些人往往报告的健康状况也更差。我们试图利用来自 21 个欧盟国家的最新数据来检验这些关联，还检验了这些关联是否受到各地区失业人数和个人劳动状况的调节。
我们分析了 2016 年欧洲社会调查的第二次发布，其中包含了关于对移民和难民的态度的不同问题，以及丰富多样的社会经济变量。我们开发了多层次泊松回归模型，根据对移民和难民的态度来预测健康状况为一般（fair）或差（poor）的比例。
对移民的态度每增加一个点，健康状况为一般或差的比例就会降低 2 个百分点（PR=0.98；95%CI：0.96-0.99）。在包含交叉水平交互作用的分析中，这种关联不受高背景失业率或个人劳动力市场联系的调节。
总体而言，对移民的积极态度与较低的健康状况较差的比例相关，无论个人的劳动状况和客观的经济状况如何。因此，培养对移民和难民的同理心可能会促进一个更健康的社会，尤其是在那些更有偏见的人中间。
