Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Am J Otolaryngol. 2022 May-Jun;43(3):103427. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103427. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
To describe the changes in workforce gender distribution over time and characterize geographically where women are finding job opportunities within the field of otolaryngology.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) publishes a Physician Compare National Downloadable File, which lists all active providers registered within CMS, as well as specialty, medical school graduation, and current practice location. The file of March 2021 was filtered for all providers that listed "otolaryngology" as their primary specialty. Providers were sorted based on medical school graduation year. Physicians were organized into five-year and ten-year quantiles, based on career experience. For each quantile, the gender distribution was recorded. For each decade of experience, the geographic distribution of gender was recorded at a state-by-state level. Descriptive statistics were conducted to characterize the number of female otolaryngologists per state. The geographic distribution of male versus female physicians was superimposed onto state boundary files as published by the U.S. Census Bureau using R Studio (2020) [13].
The Physician Compare National Database listed 1719 women (19.0%) and 7292 men (81.0%) otolaryngologists actively registered to practice in the United States. By career periods, the following proportions of otolaryngologists were women: 1-5 years, 317/971 (32.6%); 6-10 years, 417/1291 (32.3%); 11-15 years, 299/1159 (25.8%); 16-20 years, 207/1108 (18.7%); 21-25 years, 190/1156 (16.4%); 26-30 years, 138/1141 (12.1%); 31-35 years, 86/968 (8.9%); 36+ years, 60/1212 (5.0%). The linear regression of the male-female distribution data suggests that the proportion of men and women in practice in otolaryngology will equalize nationally in the 2030s. By geographic distribution, the mean and median number of female otolaryngologists per state was 34.3 (19.0%) and 21 (17.2%), respectively. The number of female otolaryngologists by state ranged from 2 (Idaho) to 258 (California). States with the lowest percentage of female otolaryngologists included Idaho (2/51, 3.9%), Oklahoma (5/86, 5.8%), and Utah (6/99, 6.1%). There has been a national increase in the percentage of women practicing in otolaryngology over the last several decades.
There is a significantly higher proportion of female otolaryngologists within earlier practice years, which suggests that progress has been made toward closing the gender gap within this field. The geographic distribution of female otolaryngologists is highly variable and should be studied further to assess what factors contribute to more females choosing to practice in these regions to continue to build regional support networks for women within the field.
描述随着时间的推移，耳鼻喉科领域劳动力性别分布的变化，并描述女性在该领域找到工作机会的地理位置。
医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心（CMS）发布了一个医师比较国家可下载文件，其中列出了所有在 CMS 注册的活跃提供者，以及专业、医学院毕业和当前的执业地点。2021 年 3 月的文件筛选了所有将“耳鼻喉科”列为主要专业的提供者。根据医学院毕业年份对提供者进行排序。医生根据职业经验分为五年和十年的分位数。对于每个分位数，记录性别分布。对于每十年的经验，按州记录性别的地理分布。使用描述性统计方法来描述每个州的女性耳鼻喉科医生人数。使用 R Studio（2020 年）[13]将男性和女性医生的地理分布叠加到美国人口普查局发布的州边界文件上。
医师比较国家数据库列出了 1719 名（19.0%）和 7292 名（81.0%）女性耳鼻喉科医生，他们在美国注册执业。按职业阶段，耳鼻喉科医生中女性的比例如下：1-5 年，317/971（32.6%）；6-10 年，417/1291（32.3%）；11-15 年，299/1159（25.8%）；16-20 年，207/1108（18.7%）；21-25 年，190/1156（16.4%）；26-30 年，138/1141（12.1%）；31-35 年，86/968（8.9%）；36+年，60/1212（5.0%）。男性和女性在耳鼻喉科执业人数的分布数据的线性回归表明，全国范围内男女在耳鼻喉科执业的比例将在 2030 年代实现均衡。按地理分布，每个州的女性耳鼻喉科医生平均人数和中位数分别为 34.3（19.0%）和 21（17.2%）。每个州的女性耳鼻喉科医生人数从 2 人（爱达荷州）到 258 人（加利福尼亚州）不等。女性耳鼻喉科医生比例最低的州包括爱达荷州（2/51，3.9%）、俄克拉荷马州（5/86，5.8%）和犹他州（6/99，6.1%）。在过去几十年中，女性在耳鼻喉科执业的比例有了显著提高。
在早期的执业年限中，耳鼻喉科的女性医生比例明显更高，这表明在该领域缩小性别差距方面已经取得了进展。女性耳鼻喉科医生的地理分布差异很大，应该进一步研究，以评估哪些因素导致更多女性选择在这些地区执业，以继续为该领域的女性建立区域性支持网络。
