George Saji, Yin Hong, Liu Ziruo, Shen Shirley, Cole Ivan, Khiong Chan Woon
Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore 569830, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000 Australia; CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jul 15;434:128825. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128825. Epub 2022 Apr 9.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the high-volume production nanoparticles (NPs) currently used in a wide range of consumer and industrial goods. The inevitable seepage into environmental matrices and the photoactive nature of ZnO NPs warrants hazard profiling under environmentally related conditions. In this paper, the influence of simulated solar light (SSL) on dissolution behaviour and phototoxicity of ZnO NPs was studied using a combinatorial library of ZnO NPs with different sizes, surface coatings, dopant chemistry, and aspect ratios in a fish cell line (BF2) and zebrafish embryos. Generally, the cytotoxicity and embryo mortality increased when exposed concomitantly to SSL and ZnO NPs. The increase in toxic potential of ZnO NPs during SSL exposure concurred with release of Zn ions and ROS generation. Surface modification of NPs with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), silica or serum coating decreased toxicity and ZnO with serum coating was the only NP that had no significant effect on any of the cytotoxicity parameters when tested under both dark and SSL conditions. Results from our study show that exposure to light could increase the toxic potential of ZnO NPs to environmental lifeforms and mitigation of ZnO NP toxicity is possible through modifying the surface chemistry.
氧化锌（ZnO）是目前大量生产的纳米颗粒（NPs）之一，广泛应用于各种消费品和工业产品中。ZnO NPs不可避免地渗入环境基质以及其光活性特性，使得有必要在与环境相关的条件下进行危害分析。在本文中，利用具有不同尺寸、表面涂层、掺杂剂化学性质和纵横比的ZnO NPs组合库，在鱼类细胞系（BF2）和斑马鱼胚胎中研究了模拟太阳光（SSL）对ZnO NPs溶解行为和光毒性的影响。一般来说，当同时暴露于SSL和ZnO NPs时，细胞毒性和胚胎死亡率会增加。SSL暴露期间ZnO NPs毒性潜力的增加与锌离子的释放和活性氧的产生同时发生。用聚（甲基丙烯酸）（PMAA）、二氧化硅或血清涂层对NPs进行表面改性可降低毒性，血清涂层的ZnO是在黑暗和SSL条件下测试时对任何细胞毒性参数均无显著影响的唯一NP。我们的研究结果表明，光照会增加ZnO NPs对环境生物的毒性潜力，通过改变表面化学性质可以减轻ZnO NPs的毒性。
