Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.
Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
Curr Drug Metab. 2022;23(10):800-817. doi: 10.2174/1389200223666220416213639.
Nanoparticles have gained prominence in many areas and domains worldwide, such as metallic NP, carbon dots, quantum dots, polymeric NP, nano-suspension, nanocrystals, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), etc. and have been applied in the field of medicine as nanomedicine with promising results. Rise in cancer mortality rate has been an issue for a long time with female breast cancer as one of the most detected cancers. No permanent treatment has been developed till date could combat breast cancer with minimum side effects that are not long-lasting as there is no proper technique through which the anticancer drugs can recognize benign or malignant or normal cells that causes systematic toxicity. Advancement in technology has led to the discovery of many biological pathways and mechanisms. Tumor cells or cancer cells overexpress some high-affinity receptors that can be targeted to deliver the anticancer drugs at specific site using these pathways and mechanisms. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are among some of the excellent drug delivery systems, especially stealth SLN (sSLN). SLN, when conjugated with a ligand (called as sSLN), has affinity and specificity towards a specific receptor, and can deliver the drug in breast cancer cells overexpressing the receptors. Using this technique, various investigations have reported better anti-breast cancer activity than simple SLN (non-conjugated to ligand or no receptor targeting). This review includes the investigations and data on receptor-mediated targeting in breast cancer from 2010 to 2021 by searching different databases. Overall, information on SLN in different cancers is reviewed. In vivo investigations, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and stability are discussed to describe the efficacy of sSLN. Investigations included in this review demonstrate that sSLN delivers the drug by overcoming the biological barriers and shows enhanced and better activity than non-conjugated SLN which also verifies that a lesser concentration of drug can show anti-breast cancer activity. The efficacy of medicines could be increased with lower cancer deaths through stealth-SLN. Due to the low cost of synthesis, biocompatibility and easy to formulate, more study is needed in vitro and in vivo so that this novel technique could be utilized in the treatment of human breast cancer.
纳米粒子在全球范围内的许多领域和领域都备受关注，例如金属 NP、碳点、量子点、聚合物 NP、纳米混悬剂、纳米晶体、固体脂质纳米粒子 (SLN) 等，并已作为纳米医学应用于医学领域，取得了有前途的结果。癌症死亡率的上升一直是一个长期存在的问题，其中女性乳腺癌是最常见的癌症之一。迄今为止，尚无开发出可以治疗乳腺癌的永久疗法，且副作用最小，而且不会持久，因为没有适当的技术可以使抗癌药物识别良性或恶性或正常细胞，从而导致系统性毒性。技术的进步导致了许多生物途径和机制的发现。肿瘤细胞或癌细胞过度表达一些高亲和力受体，这些受体可以通过这些途径和机制被靶向以将抗癌药物递送到特定部位。固体脂质纳米粒子 (SLN) 是一些优秀的药物传递系统之一，尤其是隐形 SLN (sSLN)。当 SLN 与配体（称为 sSLN）结合时，对特定受体具有亲和力和特异性，并且可以将药物递送到过度表达受体的乳腺癌细胞中。使用这种技术，各种研究报告称，与简单的 SLN（未与配体结合或无受体靶向）相比，具有更好的抗乳腺癌活性。本综述包括 2010 年至 2021 年通过搜索不同数据库对乳腺癌中受体介导靶向的研究和数据。总体而言，综述了不同癌症中 SLN 的信息。讨论了体内研究、药代动力学、生物分布和稳定性，以描述 sSLN 的功效。本综述中包括的研究表明，sSLN 通过克服生物屏障递药，并显示出比非共轭 SLN 更高和更好的活性，这也验证了较低浓度的药物也能显示出抗乳腺癌活性。通过隐形-SLN，可以提高药物的疗效，降低癌症死亡率。由于合成成本低、生物相容性好且易于配制，因此需要更多的体外和体内研究，以便将这项新技术应用于人类乳腺癌的治疗。
