Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Insight Exposure and Risk Sciences, 1790 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2022 Aug 7;66(7):923-936. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxac019.
The factors influencing transfer of chemicals or other contaminants to and from the surface of the skin are often poorly understood. Previous research has indicated that environmental conditions, skin hydration, and repeated contacts may all influence the quantity of dermal transfer. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the influence of skin hydration and condition on quantitative chemical transfer in a series of systematic measurements using human subjects for 5 and 10 repeated contacts. Elemental metallic lead was used as the exemplar test substance for the measurements collected. Skin hydration index (HI) was assessed using a corneometer and skin condition and barrier function were measured using an open-chamber transepidermal water loss (TEWL) instrument. Results indicated that for the palmar surface of the index finger where sampling was conducted, the relative hydration level of the skin was higher for males (n = 6) versus females (n = 4) (mean HI = 4.0 for females; mean HI = 5.5 for males) but this difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the skin hydration level was not significantly associated with dermal loading for either the 5 contact scenario (Pearson correlation = 0.27; R2 = 0.07; P = 0.45) or the 10 contact scenario (Pearson correlation = 0.26; R2 = 0.07; P = 0.47). When the results were stratified by higher versus lower hydration levels (HI = 1-5 versus HI = 5-10), for the higher hydration levels (HI = 5-10; mean HI = 7), there was a moderately positive association between skin hydration and loading, but this was not statistically significant for either the 5 contact scenario (Pearson correlation = 0.75; R2 = 0.56; P = 0.15) or the 10 contact scenario (Pearson correlation = 0.6; R2 = 0.36; P = 0.28). No clear relationship was observed between the lower hydration levels (HI = 1-5) and dermal loading. For the palmar index finger, there was a negative correlation between the TEWL measurements and both the 5 contact (Pearson correlation = -0.45; R2 = 0.2; P = 0.19) and 10 contact (Pearson correlation = -0.3; R2 = 0.09; P = 0.4) scenarios, but this was not statistically significant. The results of this study are consistent with the limited results of other analyses, which have suggested that there may be nuances with respect to the effects of skin hydration on the quantitative dermal transfer to and from the skin, although additional data are needed to better understand these potential differences.
影响化学物质或其他污染物在皮肤表面转移的因素往往理解得不够充分。先前的研究表明，环境条件、皮肤水合作用和反复接触都可能影响皮肤转移的数量。本分析的目的是使用人体进行 5 次和 10 次重复接触，评估皮肤水合作用和状况对定量化学转移的影响。使用元素金属铅作为测量的示例测试物质。使用皮肤电导率计评估皮肤水合指数（HI），使用开放式腔经皮水分流失（TEWL）仪测量皮肤状况和屏障功能。结果表明，对于进行采样的食指掌侧，男性（n = 6）的皮肤相对水合水平高于女性（n = 4）（女性的平均 HI = 4.0；男性的平均 HI = 5.5），但这种差异没有统计学意义。总体而言，皮肤水合水平与 5 次接触情况（皮尔逊相关系数= 0.27；R2 = 0.07；P = 0.45）或 10 次接触情况（皮尔逊相关系数= 0.26；R2 = 0.07；P = 0.47）下的皮肤负荷均无显著相关性。当结果按较高和较低水合水平分层（HI = 1-5 与 HI = 5-10）时，对于较高水合水平（HI = 5-10；平均 HI = 7），皮肤水合作用与负荷之间存在中度正相关，但在 5 次接触情况下（皮尔逊相关系数= 0.75；R2 = 0.56；P = 0.15）或 10 次接触情况下（皮尔逊相关系数= 0.6；R2 = 0.36；P = 0.28）均无统计学意义。在较低水合水平（HI = 1-5）和皮肤负荷之间没有观察到明显的关系。对于手掌食指，TEWL 测量值与 5 次接触（皮尔逊相关系数=-0.45；R2 = 0.2；P = 0.19）和 10 次接触（皮尔逊相关系数=-0.3；R2 = 0.09；P = 0.4）情况均呈负相关，但无统计学意义。本研究结果与其他有限分析的结果一致，这些结果表明，皮肤水合作用对皮肤定量转移的影响可能存在细微差别，尽管需要更多的数据来更好地理解这些潜在差异。
