Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2023 Jan;93(1):242-252. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02060-5. Epub 2022 Apr 19.
Prenatal smoking and drinking are associated with sudden infant death syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders. Infants with these outcomes also have altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. We examined the effects of prenatal smoking and drinking on newborn ANS function.
Pregnant women were enrolled in Northern Plains, USA (NP) and Cape Town (CT), South Africa. Daily drinking and weekly smoking data were collected prenatally. Physiological measures were obtained during sleep 12-96 h post-delivery.
In all, 2913 infants from NP and 4072 from CT were included. In active sleep, newborns of mothers who smoked throughout pregnancy, compared to non-smokers, had higher breathing rates (2.2 breaths/min; 95% CI: 0.95, 3.49). Quit-early smoking was associated with reductions in beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV) in active (-0.08 s) and quiet sleep (-0.11 s) in CT. In girls, moderate-high continuous smoking was associated with increased systolic (3.0 mmHg, CI: 0.70, 5.24) and diastolic blood pressure (2.9 mmHg, CI: 0.72, 5.02). In quiet sleep, low-continuous drinking was associated with slower heart rate (-4.5 beat/min). In boys, low-continuous drinking was associated with a reduced ratio of low-to-high frequency HRV (-0.11, CI: -0.21, -0.02).
These findings highlight potential ANS pathways through which prenatal drinking and smoking may contribute to neurodevelopment outcomes.
In this prospective cohort study of 6985 mother-infant dyads prenatal drinking and smoking were associated with multiple ANS parameters. Smoking was associated with increased neonatal breathing rates among all infants, and heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) among girls. Drinking was associated with reductions in HR and BP among all newborns, and reductions in the ratio of low to-high frequency HRV among boys. These findings suggest that prenatal smoking and drinking alter newborn ANS which may presage future neurodevelopmental disorders.
产前吸烟和饮酒与婴儿猝死综合征和神经发育障碍有关。具有这些结果的婴儿也存在自主神经系统（ANS）调节改变。我们研究了产前吸烟和饮酒对新生儿 ANS 功能的影响。
在北平原（NP）和南非开普敦（CT）招募了孕妇。在怀孕期间收集了每日饮酒和每周吸烟的数据。在分娩后 12-96 小时睡眠期间获得生理测量值。
共有来自 NP 的 2913 名婴儿和来自 CT 的 4072 名婴儿被纳入研究。在活跃睡眠中，与不吸烟者相比，整个孕期吸烟的母亲的新生儿呼吸频率更高（2.2 次/分钟；95%CI：0.95，3.49）。在 CT 中，早期戒烟与活跃睡眠（-0.08 秒）和安静睡眠（-0.11 秒）中的心率变异性（HRV）逐拍减少有关。在女孩中，中度高连续吸烟与收缩压（3.0mmHg，CI：0.70，5.24）和舒张压（2.9mmHg，CI：0.72，5.02）升高有关。在安静睡眠中，低连续饮酒与心率减慢（-4.5 次/分钟）有关。在男孩中，低连续饮酒与低到高频 HRV 的比值降低（-0.11，CI：-0.21，-0.02）有关。
这些发现强调了产前饮酒和吸烟可能通过潜在的 ANS 途径导致神经发育结果的机制。
在这项对 6985 对母婴对的前瞻性队列研究中，产前饮酒和吸烟与多个 ANS 参数有关。吸烟与所有婴儿的新生儿呼吸率增加有关，与女孩的心率变异性（HRV）和血压（BP）有关。饮酒与所有新生儿的 HR 和 BP 降低以及男孩的低到高频 HRV 比值降低有关。这些发现表明，产前吸烟和饮酒改变了新生儿的 ANS，这可能预示着未来的神经发育障碍。
