Real-world treatment patterns and overall survival in -mutant melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy or targeted therapy.

To assess overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced -mutant melanoma by first-line (1L) targeted therapy (TT) or checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) use, second-line (2L) TT or CPI use, and treatment sequence. Advanced -mutant melanoma patients treated with 1L CPI or TT were selected from a real-world, electronic health record-derived database. CPI was associated with improved survival after adjustment for potential confounders (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.66-0.87]). Median OS was similar between 2L therapies and among likely treatment sequences. This real-world study demonstrated a survival benefit with 1L CPI versus TT. Analyses of 2L and treatment sequences were unable to detect or rule out clinically relevant differences in OS.