Feleke Daniel Getacher, Ali Abdurahaman, Bisetegn Habtye, Andualem Mengaye
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
AIDS Res Ther. 2022 Apr 20;19(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12981-022-00443-6.
Intestinal parasites and HIV/AIDS co-infection become a major public health concern in Africa. The management and care of HIV/AIDS patients is being complicated by intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital, North-east Ethiopia.
This cross sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019. Systematic simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Stool specimen was collected and examined microscopically using wet mount, formol-ether concentration technique and modified Zeihl-Neelsen methods. Socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected using structured questionnaire. The recent CD4 cell count was obtained from patients ART follow-up record. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to investigate the association between independent and dependent variables.
Of the total of 223 study participants 120 (53.8%) were females and 162 (72.6%) were urban resident. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 47 (21.1%). Eleven different intestinal parasites species were detected. The dominant intestinal parasite species was Entameoba histolytica 14 (6.3%) followed by Enterobius vermicularis 5 (2.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who had a habit of hand washing after latrine were less likely to be infected with intestinal parasitic infection (AOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.412). On the other hand individuals who had CD cell count of < 200 cells/ml were 45.53 times more likely infected with intestinal parasites.
The prevalence of intestinal parasite was higher than previous report from the same study area almost a decade ago. There was statistical significant association between hand washing habit after latrine, habit of eating raw vegetables and CD cell count less than 200 cells/ml and intestinal parasitic infections. Health education program interrupted in Dessie referral hospital should be continued to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Utilization of water treatment, washing hand after latrine and eating cooked or appropriately washed vegetables should also be promoted. Moreover, periodic laboratory stool specimen examination and prompt treatment are necessary.
肠道寄生虫与艾滋病毒/艾滋病合并感染已成为非洲主要的公共卫生问题。肠道寄生虫感染使艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的管理和护理变得复杂。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚东北部德西转诊医院艾滋病毒感染者中肠道寄生虫感染的患病率及相关因素。
本横断面研究于2019年3月至5月进行。采用系统简单随机抽样技术招募研究参与者。收集粪便标本，并使用湿片法、甲醛-乙醚浓缩法和改良齐-尼氏法进行显微镜检查。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学特征及相关因素。从患者的抗逆转录病毒治疗随访记录中获取最近的CD4细胞计数。使用SPSS 20版软件进行数据分析。采用二元和多元逻辑回归分析来研究自变量和因变量之间的关联。
在总共223名研究参与者中，120名（53.8%）为女性，162名（72.6%）为城市居民。肠道寄生虫的总体患病率为47例（21.1%）。检测到11种不同的肠道寄生虫种类。主要的肠道寄生虫种类是溶组织内阿米巴14例（6.3%），其次是蠕形住肠线虫5例（2.2%）。多元逻辑回归分析表明，有便后洗手习惯的个体感染肠道寄生虫的可能性较小（比值比0.15，95%置信区间0.05 - 0.412）。另一方面，CD细胞计数<200个/毫升的个体感染肠道寄生虫的可能性高45.53倍。
肠道寄生虫的患病率高于近十年前同一研究地区的先前报告。便后洗手习惯、食用生蔬菜的习惯以及CD细胞计数低于200个/毫升与肠道寄生虫感染之间存在统计学显著关联。德西转诊医院中断的健康教育项目应继续开展，以降低肠道寄生虫的患病率。还应推广水处理、便后洗手以及食用煮熟或适当清洗的蔬菜。此外，定期进行实验室粪便标本检查和及时治疗是必要的。
