Effects of Cannabidiol Interactions with and Vitamin D Receptors on Spatial Memory, Pain, Inflammation, and Aging in Vitamin D Deficiency Diet-Induced Rats.

The study was planned to investigate memory-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging potential of cannabidiol (CBD) on vitamin D deficient diet (VDD)-induced rats. Cytochrome P-450 enzymes were analyzed by RT-PCR method and others biomarkers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. and -mRNA were significantly increased by 39.29 and 38.37%, respectively, while; mRNA was significantly reduced by 21.39% compared to VDD. Vitamin D receptor protein expression was significantly increased by 148.3%, 60.48%, and 142.03% in liver, kidney, and brain, respectively, compared to VDD group. Vitamin D metabolites and serotonin were significantly increased more than 60% and 100%, respectively, compared to VDD. Spatial memory (in terms of total distance, escape latency) and pain score were improved compared to VDD. Cytokines were significantly reduced than VDD. Besides, levels of superoxide dismutase (49.61%), glutathione peroxidase (178.87%), acetylcholine (25.40%), and klotho (145.57%) were significantly increased than VDD. Study findings supported that CBD interacts with , , , and vitamin D receptors, resulting in increased vitamin D metabolites, which improved memory, pain tolerance, reduced inflammation, and aging through modulating antioxidative enzymes, cytokines, and neurotransmitters in VDD-induced rats.