Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India.
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry UniversityCo-Innovation, Nanjing,Jiangsu, China.
Bioengineered. 2022 Apr;13(4):10518-10539. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062526.
Enzymes of commercial importance, such as lipase, amylase, laccase, phytase, carbonic anhydrase, pectinase, maltase, glucose oxidase ., show multifunctional features and have been extensively used in several fields including fine chemicals, environmental, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, energy, food industry, agriculture and nutraceutical . The deployment of biocatalyst in harsh industrial conditions has some limitations, such as poor stability. These drawbacks can be overcome by immobilizing the enzyme in order to boost the operational stability, catalytic activity along with facilitating the reuse of biocatalyst. Nowadays, functionalized polymers and composites have gained increasing attention as an innovative material for immobilizing the industrially important enzyme. The different types of polymeric materials and composites are pectin, agarose, cellulose, nanofibers, gelatin, and chitosan. The functionalization of these materials enhances the loading capacity of the enzyme by providing more functional groups to the polymeric material and hence enhancing the enzyme immobilization efficiency. However, appropriate coordination among the functionalized polymeric materials and enzymes of interest plays an important role in producing emerging biocatalysts with improved properties. The optimal coordination at a biological, physical, and chemical level is requisite to develop an industrial biocatalyst. Bio-catalysis has become vital aspect in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for synthesis of value-added chemicals. The present review describes the current advances in enzyme immobilization on functionalized polymers and composites. Furthermore, the applications of immobilized enzymes in various sectors including bioremediation, biosensor and biodiesel are also discussed.
具有商业重要性的酶，如脂肪酶、淀粉酶、漆酶、植酸酶、碳酸酐酶、果胶酶、麦芽糖酶、葡萄糖氧化酶等，具有多功能特性，已广泛应用于包括精细化学品、环境、制药、化妆品、能源、食品工业、农业和营养保健品在内的多个领域。在恶劣的工业条件下部署生物催化剂存在一些限制，例如稳定性差。通过固定化酶可以克服这些缺点，以提高操作稳定性、催化活性并促进生物催化剂的重复使用。如今，功能化聚合物和复合材料作为固定化工业重要酶的创新材料引起了越来越多的关注。不同类型的聚合物材料和复合材料有果胶、琼脂糖、纤维素、纳米纤维、明胶和壳聚糖。这些材料的功能化通过向聚合物材料提供更多的功能基团来提高酶的负载能力，从而提高酶固定化效率。然而，功能化聚合物材料和感兴趣的酶之间的适当协调在生产具有改进性能的新兴生物催化剂方面起着重要作用。在生物、物理和化学水平上进行最佳协调对于开发工业生物催化剂是必要的。生物催化已成为制药和化学工业中合成高附加值化学品的重要方面。本综述描述了酶在功能化聚合物和复合材料上的固定化的最新进展。此外，还讨论了固定化酶在生物修复、生物传感器和生物柴油等各个领域的应用。
