Departamento de CC. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja-UTPL, San Cayetano Alto, Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Apartado Postal 11-01-608, Loja, Ecuador.
Facultad de CC. Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Machala-UTMACH, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 21;12(1):6586. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10277-x.
The use and conservation of agrobiodiversity have become critical to face the actual and future challenges imposed by climate change. Collecting phytogenetic resources is a first step for their conservation; however, the genetic material must be analysed to understand their potential to improve agricultural resilience and adaptation to the new climatic conditions. We have selected nine Phaseolus vulgaris, one P. lunatus and two Vigna unguiculata landraces from two different climatic backgrounds of the Andean region of South Ecuador and one P. vulgaris commercial cultivar, and we grew them under two different conditions of temperature and humidity (open field and greenhouse). Then, we recorded data for 32 characters of plant architecture, flower and fruit characteristics and yield, and 17 events in the phenology of the plants. We analysed the impact of treatment on species, climatic background, and each of the landraces, and identified both characters and landraces that are mostly affected by changes in their environmental conditions. Overall, higher temperatures were benign for all materials except for two P. vulgaris landraces from cold background, which performed better or developed faster under cold conditions. Finally, we calculated a climate resilience landrace index, which allowed us to classify the landraces by their plasticity to new environmental conditions, and found heterogeneous landrace susceptibility to warmer conditions. Two P. vulgaris landraces were highlighted as critical targets for conservation.
利用和保护农业生物多样性对于应对气候变化带来的当前和未来挑战至关重要。收集植物遗传资源是保护它们的第一步；然而，必须对遗传物质进行分析，以了解其提高农业抗逆性和适应新气候条件的潜力。我们从厄瓜多尔南部安第斯地区的两个不同气候背景中选择了 9 个普通菜豆、1 个利马豆和 2 个豇豆地方品种，以及 1 个普通菜豆商业品种，并在两种不同的温度和湿度条件下（露天和温室）种植它们。然后，我们记录了 32 个植物结构、花和果实特征以及产量特征的数据，以及植物物候学中的 17 个事件。我们分析了处理对物种、气候背景和每个地方品种的影响，并确定了受环境条件变化影响最大的特征和地方品种。总体而言，除了来自寒冷背景的两个普通菜豆地方品种外，较高的温度对所有材料都是有益的，这两个地方品种在寒冷条件下表现更好或发育更快。最后，我们计算了一个气候恢复力地方品种指数，该指数允许我们根据它们对新环境条件的可塑性对地方品种进行分类，并发现了地方品种对温暖条件的异质性敏感性。两个普通菜豆地方品种被突出为保护的关键目标。
