A Rare Case of Pleural Empyema Caused by Campylobacter rectus.

is considered to be a primary periodontal pathogen that is rarely identified in extraoral specimens. We report a case of pleural empyema caused by : the pathogen was isolated in the drained pleural fluid sample. Since the patient had previously undergone multiple antibiotic treatments, oral cultures were highly unlikely to be positive, although poor dental hygiene appears to be the leading risk factor for  systemic infections. The present case illustrates that  can be a cause of not only periodontal disease but also pulmonary infection.