School of Medicine, 12676Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2022 Jan-Dec;21:15330338221090351. doi: 10.1177/15330338221090351.
In estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer therapy, estrogen receptors (ERs) are the major targeting molecules. ER-targeted therapy has provided clinical benefits for approximately 70% of all breast cancer patients through targeting the ERα subtype. In recent years, mechanisms underlying breast cancer occurrence and progression have been extensively studied and largely clarified. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, microRNA regulation, and other ER downstream signaling pathways are found to be the effective therapeutic targets in ER+ BC therapy. A number of the ER+ (ER+) breast cancer biomarkers have been established for diagnosis and prognosis. The gene mutations that lead to endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer had been identified. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of ERα which encoded by gene occur in most cases. The targeted drugs combined with endocrine therapy have been developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ER+ breast cancer, particularly the endocrine therapy resistance ER+ breast cancer. The combination therapy has been demonstrated to be superior to monotherapy in overall clinical evaluation. In this review, we focus on recent progress in studies on ERs and related clinical applications for targeted therapy and provide a perspective view for therapy of ER+ breast cancer.
在雌激素受体阳性（ER+）乳腺癌治疗中，雌激素受体（ERs）是主要的靶向分子。通过靶向 ERα 亚型，ER 靶向治疗为大约 70%的所有乳腺癌患者提供了临床获益。近年来，乳腺癌发生和发展的机制得到了广泛的研究和阐明。PI3K/AKT/mTOR 通路、microRNA 调控和其他 ER 下游信号通路被发现是 ER+BC 治疗的有效治疗靶点。许多 ER+（ER+）乳腺癌生物标志物已被确立用于诊断和预后。导致 ER+乳腺癌内分泌治疗耐药的基因 突变已经被鉴定出来。大多数情况下，编码 ERα 配体结合域的 基因发生突变。已经开发了靶向药物联合内分泌治疗来提高 ER+乳腺癌的治疗效果，特别是针对内分泌治疗耐药的 ER+乳腺癌。联合治疗在总体临床评估中优于单药治疗。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 ER 及其相关靶向治疗的临床应用的最新研究进展，并为 ER+乳腺癌的治疗提供了一个视角。
