Shehata Akram Ismael, Alhoshy Mayada, Wang Tao, Mohsin Muhammad, Wang Jianfeng, Wang Xuexi, Han Tao, Wang Yilei, Zhang Ziping
College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2023 Jan;107(1):308-328. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13704. Epub 2022 Apr 21.
An optimal diet is an important factor for the proper growth and health of crustaceans. However, the regulation of antioxidant activity and non-specific immunity related to the consumption of feed additives has not been studied in RC-crayfish. Triplicate groups of 20 crayfish/tank (36.72 ± 0.70 g) fed with a basal diet and sixteen experimental diets that contained five feed additives with four grade levels (40, 160, 240 and 320 mg/kg vitamin E, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg nucleotides, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg Haematococcus pluvialis, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg arachidonic acid and 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg yeast extract) on physiological parameters, fatty acids profile and growth of Cherax quadricarinatus for a period of 70 days by using orthogonal array method (L16 4 ). The results showed that the antioxidants activity in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas were both higher in crayfish fed with diets NO. 9 to 12 than others. Also, all the diets except diets NO. 13 to 16 showed lower free radicals contents than the control group. Similarly, significantly higher non-specific immune parameters were observed in the hepatopancreas of crayfish supplementations than those fed a control diet. Biochemical parameters related to protein profile in haemolymph increased in diets NO. 9 to 12 and then decreased in control and diets NO. 13 to 16, while the highest biochemical parameters related to lipid profile except HDL-c contents in haemolymph were observed in crayfish fed the control diet. Fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas, muscle and ovary of RC-crayfish was significantly influenced by using the combination of Vit E, NT, H. pluvialis and YP compared to the control group. Compared to all treatments, RC-crayfish fed with diets NO. 2 and 12 had significantly stimulated higher growth performance and feed utilisation. Overall, our results suggest that diets supplemented with Vit E level of 240 mg/kg, in combination with 8 g/kg NT, 4 g/kg, H. pluvialis, 5 g/kg ARA and 10 g/kg YP are the promising treatments to increase antioxidants activity, non-specific immune response, fatty acids composition and growth of RC-crayfish. However, high dietary supplementations level can reduce antioxidants activity, immunity and inhibit growth.
适宜的饮食是甲壳类动物正常生长和健康的重要因素。然而，关于饲料添加剂对红螯螯虾抗氧化活性和非特异性免疫的影响尚未见研究报道。本研究采用正交试验设计（L16 4 ），将20只小龙虾（36.72 ± 0.70 g）分为3个重复组，每组一个水族箱，分别投喂基础饲料和16种试验饲料，其中16种试验饲料分别添加了5种饲料添加剂，每种添加剂设置4个添加水平（维生素E：40、160、240和320 mg/kg；核苷酸：2、4、6和8 g/kg；雨生红球藻：2、4、6和8 g/kg；花生四烯酸：5、10、15和20 g/kg；酵母提取物：2.5, 5, 10和15 g/kg），饲养70天，观察其对红螯螯虾生理参数、脂肪酸组成和生长性能的影响。结果表明，投喂9 - 12号饲料的小龙虾血淋巴和肝胰腺中的抗氧化活性均高于其他组。此外，除13 - 16号饲料外，其他所有饲料组的自由基含量均低于对照组。同样，添加饲料添加剂的小龙虾肝胰腺中非特异性免疫参数显著高于投喂基础饲料的小龙虾。血淋巴中与蛋白质代谢相关的生化参数在9 - 12号饲料组中升高，在对照组和13 - 16号饲料组中降低，而血淋巴中除HDL-c含量外，与脂质代谢相关的生化参数在投喂基础饲料的小龙虾中最高。与对照组相比，维生素E、核苷酸、雨生红球藻和酵母提取物组合显著影响了红螯螯虾肝胰腺、肌肉和卵巢中的脂肪酸组成。与所有处理组相比，投喂2号和12号饲料的红螯螯虾生长性能和饲料利用率显著提高。总体而言，本研究结果表明，添加240 mg/kg维生素E、8 g/kg核苷酸、4 g/kg雨生红球藻、5 g/kg花生四烯酸和10 g/kg酵母提取物的饲料可有效提高红螯螯虾的抗氧化活性、非特异性免疫反应、脂肪酸组成和生长性能。然而，高剂量的饲料添加剂会降低抗氧化活性、免疫力并抑制生长。
