Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022 May 9;8(5):2000-2015. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01502. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
The utility of plant tissues as scaffolding materials has been gaining significant interest in recent years owing to their unique material characteristics that are ideal for tissue regeneration. In this study, the degradation and biocompatibility of natural cellulosic scaffolds derived from (Linn.) (BF) immature endosperm was improved by chemical oxidation and surface functionalization processes. Briefly, thus obtained cellulosic scaffolds were sequentially processed via a detergent exchange decellularization process followed by sodium periodate mediated oxidation and organosilane-based surface modification using amino (NH)-terminated 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and methyl (CH)-terminated octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Post oxidation and surface functionalization, the scaffolds showed improved physiochemical, morphological, and mechanical properties. Especially, the swelling capacity, total porosity, surface area, degradation kinetics, and mechanical behavior of scaffold were significantly higher in modified scaffold groups. The biocompatibility analysis demonstrated excellent cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts with an evident upregulation of mineralization. Subcutaneous implantation of these scaffolds in a rat model demonstrated active angiogenesis, enhanced degradation, and excellent biocompatibility with concomitant deposition of a collagen matrix. Taken together, the native cellulosic scaffolds post chemical oxidation and surface functionalization can exclusively integrate the potential properties of native soft tissue with ameliorated and support in bone tissue engineering for nonloading bearing applications.
近年来，由于植物组织具有独特的材料特性，非常适合组织再生，因此作为支架材料的应用引起了人们的极大兴趣。在这项研究中，通过化学氧化和表面功能化处理改善了来源于（Linn.）（BF）未成熟胚乳的天然纤维素支架的降解和生物相容性。简要地说，通过去污剂交换脱细胞化过程，然后使用氨基（NH）-末端 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）和甲基（CH）-末端十八烷基三氯硅烷（OTS）进行基于有机硅烷的表面改性，从而依次处理得到的纤维素支架。氧化和表面功能化后，支架表现出改善的物理化学、形态和机械性能。特别是，在改性支架组中，支架的溶胀能力、总孔隙率、比表面积、降解动力学和机械性能显著提高。生物相容性分析表明，成骨细胞具有极好的细胞黏附性、增殖和分化能力，并伴随着矿化的明显上调。将这些支架皮下植入大鼠模型中，表现出活跃的血管生成、增强的降解和极好的生物相容性，同时伴随着胶原基质的沉积。综上所述，经过化学氧化和表面功能化的天然纤维素支架可以将天然软组织的潜在特性与改善的机械性能和支撑力独特地结合起来，用于非承重应用的骨组织工程。
