Makino MeOH Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects in Neuronal Cells and Zebrafish Model.

Makino belongs to the Labiatae family and is used in traditional medicine to manage postpartum edema and boils. However, few studies on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have been conducted. Here, the compounds in methanol (MeOH) extract were profiled using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. The antioxidant activity of MeOH extract was shown to increase in a concentration-dependent manner by investigating the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity. Next, in lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells, extract inactivated the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, inhibiting nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α production and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. Furthermore, extract protected against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells. MeOH extract induced heme oxygenase-1 expression and increased the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in the nucleus, thus exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were demonstrated in a zebrafish () model treated with hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide. MeOH extract showed antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects by increasing the expression of heme oxygenase-1, establishing its therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory diseases.