Sharma Shivali, Jaba Jagdish, Rao Polneni Jaganmohan, Prasad Suraj, Gopal Nammi Tripura Venkata Venu, Sharma Hari Chand, Kilian Benjamin
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India.
Global Crop Diversity Trust, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Mar 22;11(4):485. doi: 10.3390/biology11040485.
Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) causes the highest yield losses in pigeonpea, followed by pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa). High levels of resistance to pod borer are not available in the cultivated genepool. Several accessions of wild Cajanus species with strong resistance, and different resistance mechanisms (antixenosis and antibiosis) to pod borer have been identified. These accessions can be utilized to improve the pod borer resistance of cultivated pigeonpea. Using pod borer resistant Cajanus scarabaeoides and Cajanus acutifolius as pollen donors and popular pigeonpea varieties as recipients, pre-breeding populations were developed following simple- and complex-cross approaches. Preliminary evaluation of four backcross populations consisting of >2300 introgression lines (ILs) under un-sprayed field conditions resulted in identifying 156 ILs with low visual damage rating scores (5.0−6.0) and low pod borer damage (<50%). Precise re-screening of these ILs over different locations and years resulted in the identification of 21 ILs having improved resistance to pod borer. Because these ILs were derived from wild Cajanus species, they may contain different alleles for different resistance components to pod borer. Hence, these ILs are ready-to-use novel and diverse sources of pod borer resistance that can be utilized for improving the pod borer resistance of cultivated pigeonpea.
豆荚螟（棉铃虫）对木豆造成的产量损失最大，其次是豆荚蝇（Melanagromyza obtusa）。在栽培基因库中没有对豆荚螟具有高抗性的品种。已鉴定出几种对豆荚螟具有强抗性且具有不同抗性机制（排趋性和抗生性）的野生卡氏木豆属物种种质。这些种质可用于提高栽培木豆对豆荚螟的抗性。以抗豆荚螟的糙叶卡氏木豆和尖叶卡氏木豆作为花粉供体，以常见的木豆品种作为受体，采用简单杂交和复合杂交方法培育了预育种群体。在未喷洒农药的田间条件下，对由2300多个渗入系组成的四个回交群体进行初步评估，结果鉴定出156个渗入系，其视觉损伤评级分数较低（5.0 - 6.0）且豆荚螟危害较轻（<50%）。在不同地点和年份对这些渗入系进行精确的重新筛选，结果鉴定出21个对豆荚螟抗性有所提高的渗入系。由于这些渗入系源自野生卡氏木豆属物种，它们可能含有针对豆荚螟不同抗性成分的不同等位基因。因此，这些渗入系是可直接利用的新颖且多样的豆荚螟抗性来源，可用于提高栽培木豆对豆荚螟的抗性。
