Sagona Simona, Coppola Francesca, Nanetti Antonio, Tafi Elena, Palego Lionella, Betti Laura, Giannaccini Gino, Felicioli Antonio
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, Pisa University, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Apr 8;12(8):968. doi: 10.3390/ani12080968.
Protein-supplemented artificial diets are widely used by beekeepers during winter and whenever food availability is low, yet no data are available concerning their effects on bees' health. In this work, the effects of two commercial diets enriched with 1.7% and 7.7% protein concentration on feed intake, survival rate, glucose oxidase, phenoloxidase and glutathione S-transferase in newly emerged and forager bees were tested. Administration of a 7.7% protein-enriched diet significantly reduced the lifespan of both newly emerged and forager bees, while only in foragers a significantly higher feed intake was recorded. In newly emerged bees, administration of a high-protein-enriched diet stimulated glucose oxidase production at the 10th day of feeding, determined a reduction of phenoloxidase and did not affect glutathione S-transferase activity. In forager bees, a high level of protein inclusion did not determine any significant variation in either glucose oxidase, phenoloxidase or glutathione S-transferase activity. Therefore, the results obtained in this investigation suggest that administration of commercial protein diets negatively affect honey bee health, determining an increase in mortality. Further investigations on the effect of concentration and quality of proteins are desirable to provide beekeepers with scientific evidence on protein feeding.
在冬季以及食物供应不足时，养蜂人广泛使用添加蛋白质的人工饲料，但关于其对蜜蜂健康的影响尚无相关数据。在本研究中，测试了两种蛋白质浓度分别为1.7%和7.7%的商业饲料对新羽化蜜蜂和采集蜂的采食量、存活率、葡萄糖氧化酶、酚氧化酶和谷胱甘肽S -转移酶的影响。给予7.7%蛋白质含量的饲料显著缩短了新羽化蜜蜂和采集蜂的寿命，而仅在采集蜂中记录到显著更高的采食量。在新羽化蜜蜂中，给予高蛋白饲料在喂食第10天时刺激了葡萄糖氧化酶的产生，导致酚氧化酶减少，且未影响谷胱甘肽S -转移酶活性。在采集蜂中，高蛋白含量并未导致葡萄糖氧化酶、酚氧化酶或谷胱甘肽S -转移酶活性出现任何显著变化。因此，本研究结果表明，使用商业蛋白质饲料会对蜜蜂健康产生负面影响，导致死亡率增加。需要进一步研究蛋白质浓度和质量的影响，以便为养蜂人提供关于蛋白质喂养的科学依据。
