Somogyi Boglárka, Felföldi Tamás, Boros Emil, Szabó Attila, Vörös Lajos
Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno Str. 3, P.O. Box 35, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina Str. 29, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary.
Microorganisms. 2022 Apr 14;10(4):818. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10040818.
The extreme environmental conditions of the diverse saline inland waters (soda lakes and pans, hypersaline lakes and ponds) of the Carpathian Basin are an advantage for picophytoplankton. The abundance of picophytoplankton in these waters can be up to several orders of magnitude higher than that in freshwater shallow lakes, but differences are also found within different saline water types: higher picophytoplankton abundances were observed in hypersaline lakes compared to humic soda lakes, and their highest numbers were detected in turbid soda lakes. Moreover, their contribution to phytoplankton biomass is higher than that in shallow freshwater lakes with similar trophic states. Based on long-term data, their ratio within the phytoplankton increased with turbidity in the case of turbid soda lakes, while, in hypersaline lakes, their proportion increased with salinity. Picocyanobacteria were only detected with high abundance (>106−107 cells/mL) in turbid soda lakes, while picoeukaryotes occurred in high numbers in both turbid and hypersaline lakes. Despite the extreme conditions of the lakes, the diversity of picophytoplankton is remarkable, with the dominance of non-marine Synechococcus/Cyanobium, Choricystis, Chloroparva and uncultured trebouxiophycean green algae in the soda lakes, and marine Synechococcus and Picochlorum in the hypersaline lakes.
喀尔巴阡盆地各种盐碱内陆水域（苏打湖和盐沼、超盐湖和池塘）的极端环境条件对微微型浮游植物来说是一个优势。这些水域中微微型浮游植物的丰度可比淡水浅湖高出几个数量级，但在不同类型的咸水之间也存在差异：与腐殖苏打湖相比，超盐湖中微微型浮游植物的丰度更高，而在浑浊的苏打湖中其数量最多。此外，它们对浮游植物生物量的贡献高于营养状态相似的淡水浅湖。根据长期数据，在浑浊的苏打湖中，它们在浮游植物中的比例随浊度增加，而在超盐湖中，其比例随盐度增加。仅在浑浊的苏打湖中检测到大量的（>106−107个细胞/毫升）聚球蓝细菌，而在浑浊和超盐湖中都有大量的微微型真核生物。尽管湖泊环境极端，但微微型浮游植物的多样性显著，在苏打湖中以非海洋聚球藻/蓝菌属、球囊藻属、绿球藻属和未培养的小球藻纲绿藻为主，而在超盐湖中以海洋聚球藻和微绿球藻为主。
