Šterzl Ivan, Absolonová Karolína, Fišerová Anna
Vnitr Lek. 2021 Winter;67(E-8):14-18.
The immune system develops from childhood until the late age. Each of these periods has its own specialities. Aging is typical for immunity, depending on the conversion of hematogenous bone marrow to adipose, involution of the thymus and persistent viral infections (e.g. CMV). In the elderly, whose numbers have been increasing in recent decades, there is a need to understand the changes in the immune system also called as immunosenescence. The substantial remodeling of the immune system during aging leads to a decline in its functional activity in both innate (complement, cytokines, granulocytes, NK cells, macrophages) and adaptive immunity (B lymphocytes and antibody production, T lymphocytes, cytokine production and cytotoxic response, NKT cells, regulatory T lymphocytes with suppressor activity) with advancing age, resulting in increased risk of chronic diseases, infections, autoimmunity and vaccination failure.
免疫系统从儿童时期一直发育到老年。这些阶段中的每一个都有其自身特点。免疫衰老具有典型性，这取决于造血骨髓向脂肪的转化、胸腺退化以及持续性病毒感染（如巨细胞病毒感染）。在近几十年来数量不断增加的老年人中，有必要了解免疫系统的变化，即免疫衰老。衰老过程中免疫系统的实质性重塑会导致其固有免疫（补体、细胞因子、粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞）和适应性免疫（B淋巴细胞及抗体产生、T淋巴细胞、细胞因子产生及细胞毒性反应、自然杀伤T细胞、具有抑制活性的调节性T淋巴细胞）的功能活性随年龄增长而下降，从而导致患慢性病、感染、自身免疫性疾病以及疫苗接种失败的风险增加。
