College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Wake O-24, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1224, Japan.
J Nat Med. 2022 Jun;76(3):703-714. doi: 10.1007/s11418-022-01628-z. Epub 2022 Apr 24.
In the Kaluxung River catchment of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in China, we identified three Ephedra gerardiana communities on different soils and glacial landforms from 4842 to 4899 m above sea level: a moraine community located on constantly collapsing sandy gravel alpine steppe slopes with exposed bedrock on the outer slope of the terminal moraine of the Qiangyong Glacier on Mt. Kaluxung; an outwash plain community located on a gentle alpine steppe slope with exposed bedrock at the terminal end of the outwash plain in the glacial valley of the southeast side of Mt. Noijinkangsang; and a river terrace community located in an alpine meadow on a rock-scattered flat river terrace along a glacier-fed river in the outwash plain in the glacial valley of the southeast side of Mt. Noijinkangsang. Based on the finding of identical DNA sequences of the intergenic spacers of chloroplast trnT-trnF and trnS-trnfM regions for all Ephedra specimens examined in this study, the E. gerardiana in this study were considered to comprise a genetically homogeneous population. Analysis of the relationship between ephedrine alkaloid profiles of these three communities and soil characteristics showed that the river terrace community in wet alpine meadow had significantly lower ephedrine content than did the moraine and outwash plain communities in dry alpine steppe (moraine community, 1.52 ± 0.44; outwash plain community, 1.42 ± 0.68; river terrace community, 0.33 ± 0.65%DW), but pseudoephedrine content showed the reverse pattern (moraine community, 0.86 ± 0.30; outwash plain community, 0.73 ± 0.60; river terrace community, 1.50 ± 0.71%DW). In addition, total alkaloid (ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) content in the river terrace community (1.83 ± 0.24%DW) was significantly lower than that in the moraine community (2.38 ± 0.64%DW) and outwash plain community (2.15 ± 0.55%DW).
在中国青藏高原东南部的卡鲁雄河流域，我们在 4842 至 4899 米的不同土壤和冰川地貌上确定了三种麻黄属植物社区：一个位于永冰川终端冰碛外坡不断崩塌的沙砾高山草原斜坡上的冰碛社区；一个位于南侧冰川谷冲积平原末端的缓坡高山草原上的冲积平原社区；一个位于南侧冰川谷冲积平原上的沿冰川河流的散布着岩石的高山草甸上的河漫滩社区。基于本研究中所有检查的麻黄属植物标本的叶绿体 trnT-trnF 和 trnS-trnfM 区域基因间间隔的相同 DNA 序列的发现，本研究中的 E. gerardiana 被认为是一个遗传上同质的种群。对这三个社区的麻黄碱生物碱图谱与土壤特征之间的关系进行分析表明，湿润高山草甸上的河漫滩社区的麻黄碱含量明显低于干燥高山草原上的冰碛和冲积平原社区（冰碛社区，1.52±0.44；冲积平原社区，1.42±0.68；河漫滩社区，0.33±0.65%DW），但伪麻黄碱含量则相反（冰碛社区，0.86±0.30；冲积平原社区，0.73±0.60；河漫滩社区，1.50±0.71%DW）。此外，河漫滩社区的总生物碱（麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱）含量（1.83±0.24%DW）明显低于冰碛社区（2.38±0.64%DW）和冲积平原社区（2.15±0.55%DW）。
