Palazzo Francesco, Lamouchideli Niloofar, Caronti Alfio, Tufi Fabrizio, Padua Elvira, Annino Giuseppe
School of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Gait Posture. 2022 Jun;95:84-92. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.04.002. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
A lot of authors have been studied the consequence of postural control strategies through investigating the effects of foot-surface contact. In this context an important variable of textured surfaces or insoles could be related to material stiffness. We apply a particular textured insoles to evaluate neuromuscular response of plantar stimulation during walking.
Could textured insoles alter the human locomotion during walking at different speeds?
Ten adults (age: 27 ± 5 years) completed three trials on the multifunction treadmill at 0.42 ms, 0.89 ms, and 1.5 ms walking speed. Temporal-spatial parameters, gait line, and kinetic parameters were analyzed. The Co-Contraction Index (CCI) and electromyography (EMG) of the right leg muscles were assessed during four phases of gait: first half stance (FHS), half stance (HS), second half stance (SHS), swing phase (SP). Textured insole and soft control insole were worn while walking.
Plantar stimulation improved cadence, stride time, stride length and gait line parameters with increasing speed. First force peaks and maximum force forefoot were always significant. The maximum force midfoot was significant at 0.42 and 0.89 ms. The maximum force heel only was significant in lower velocity. The maximum pressure showed different significant values except for the heel. Significant differences in the CCI were always found in the FHS and SHS for the plantar muscles, and in the FHS and HS for the knee muscles. The differences in gait analysis in biomechanical and in electromyographic parameters were more significant in the higher speed tested.
The perception of shape and texture through its linear response to skin deformation over a wide range of deformations could be the reason why the significant differences increase in the higher speed. In conclusion, sensory interventions fallowing appropriate insoles can influence significantly gait. Walking strategy positively adjusts locomotion with high efficiency.
许多作者通过研究足底表面接触的影响来探讨姿势控制策略的结果。在这种情况下，有纹理的表面或鞋垫的一个重要变量可能与材料刚度有关。我们应用一种特殊的有纹理鞋垫来评估步行过程中足底刺激的神经肌肉反应。
有纹理的鞋垫能否在不同速度行走时改变人体运动？
10名成年人（年龄：27±5岁）在多功能跑步机上以0.42米/秒、0.89米/秒和1.5米/秒的步行速度完成了三项试验。分析了时空参数、步态线和动力学参数。在步态的四个阶段评估右腿肌肉的协同收缩指数（CCI）和肌电图（EMG）：前半支撑期（FHS）、半支撑期（HS）、后半支撑期（SHS）、摆动期（SP）。步行时穿着有纹理鞋垫和柔软的对照鞋垫。
随着速度增加，足底刺激改善了步频、步幅时间、步幅长度和步态线参数。首次力峰值和前脚掌最大力始终显著。中脚掌最大力在0.42米/秒和0.89米/秒时显著。足跟最大力仅在较低速度时显著。除足跟外，最大压力显示出不同的显著值。在FHS和SHS阶段，足底肌肉的CCI始终存在显著差异，在FHS和HS阶段，膝关节肌肉的CCI也存在显著差异。在较高测试速度下，生物力学和肌电图参数的步态分析差异更为显著。
在广泛的变形范围内，通过其对皮肤变形的线性反应来感知形状和纹理，可能是高速时显著差异增加的原因。总之，使用合适的鞋垫进行感觉干预可显著影响步态。步行策略能高效地积极调整运动。
