[Observation of PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocyte and sPD-1 levels in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B virus carriers treated with entecavir].

To dynamically observe the clinical efficacy of entecavir and the changes of PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocytes and sPD-1 levels in peripheral blood of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus carriers treated with entecavir, and further explore its clinical significance. There were 31 cases of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in the treatment group (A), 32 cases of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in the treatment group (B), and 15 cases of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in the non-treatment group (C).Three groups peripheral blood samples and clinical data at 0, 24 and 48 weeks were collected and compared. PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry, and the level of sPD-1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ANOVA and Spearman correlation analysis were performed on the measurement data among the three groups. At week 0, the serum levels of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA were significantly higher in groups A and C than group B. PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were significantly higher in group B (4.70%±1.58%) than group A (3.25%±1.01%) and group C (2.77%±0.67%) (=16.65, <0.05). There was no significant difference between group A and group C (>0.05). Peripheral blood sPD-1 in group B [(1 866.62±1 472.70) pg/ml] was significantly higher than group A [(824.86±538.66) pg/ml] and group C [(618.19±602.62) pg/ml] (=10.95, <0.05). There was no significant difference between group A and group C (>0.05). At 48 weeks, the serum HBsAg did not decrease significantly in groups A and C than baseline (>0.05), but were significantly higher than group B (<0.05). Serum HBeAg levels were decreased significantly in groups A and B than baseline (<0.05). <0.05), but group A was significantly higher than group B (<0.05), and there was no significant difference between group A and group C (>0.05). Serum HBV DNA level was significantly lower in groups A and B than group C (<0.05), and there was no significant difference between group A and group B (>0.05). Peripheral blood PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocytes were significantly lower in Group A (1.56%±0.73%) and group B (1.32%±0.43%) than group C (2.64%±0.85%) (<0.05). Peripheral blood sPD-1 were significantly lower in group A [(289.05±215.86) pg/ml] and group B [(236.01±173.92) pg/ml] than group C [(650.34±598.46) pg/ml] (<0.05). There was no significant difference between group A and group B. Correlation analysis results: In group A at 48 weeks, the decreased level of PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocyte ratio had no correlation with the decreased level of HBsAg and HBV DNA, but was positively correlated with the decreased level of HBeAg (=0.376, <0.05). The decreased level of sPD-1 had no correlation with the changes of HBsAg, but was positively correlated with the decreased levels of HBeAg and HBV DNA (=0.598 and 0.384, <0.05). In group B at 48 weeks, the decreased levels of PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocytes and sPD-1 were positively correlated with the decreased levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA (<0.05). Hepatitis B virus replication and expressions in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus carriers were significantly inhibited after 48 weeks of antiviral treatment, which is related not only to entecavir treatment, but also to the immunological mechanism involved in sPD-1. Moreover, the inhibition of HBeAg expression is associated with a decrease in the number and/or activity of PD-1CXCR5CD4T lymphocytes.