Depression Mediates the Association Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From German Multi-Cohort Prospective Studies.

BACKGROUND

The dysregulation of glucose homeostasis mental health stress is increasingly acknowledged, whereby depression independently increases the risk of the onset of type 2 diabetes by up to 60%. Contributing mental health factors starting in early life have further been considered, indicating that exposure to childhood emotional abuse is associated with both depression and an increased onset of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. However, the potential role of depression within the emotional abuse and type 2 diabetes link remains unknown.

METHODS

Data were derived from community-dwelling participants in southern and northeastern Germany who participated in the longitudinal KORA-F4 and SHIP-3 studies. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for lifestyle, somatic, and psychological risk factors were used to investigate the association between childhood emotional abuse, assessed retrospectively by the , and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes cases, which were confirmed using a standard oral glucose tolerance test. The mediating role of depressive symptoms between childhood emotional abuse and type 2 diabetes was assessed by the and calculated by using the Sobel test for mediation.

RESULTS

A total of 2,973 (53.2% women, 46.8% men) participants with a mean age of 49.7 were included in the analyses, of whom 5.9% (7.1% women, 4.5% men) reported emotional abuse in childhood. Participants exposed to childhood emotional abuse had a 1.70 (1.12-2.56; = 0.02) times higher odds of depression in the fully adjusted model than unexposed participants. During the 6.5-year follow-up period, 104 (3.5%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Participants who were exposed to childhood emotional abuse had a 2.56 (1.31-4.98, = 0.005) times higher odds of developing type 2 diabetes than unexposed participants. This association was significantly mediated by the increased odds of depression in participants with childhood emotional abuse (Sobel Test, 1.84, = 0.06; Goodman Test, 1.91, = 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The current results indicate that the increased likelihood of type 2 diabetes onset in participants who were exposed to childhood emotional abuse is significantly attributed to increased depression in adulthood.