College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 25;836:155466. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155466. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Currently, the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released from coking industry are still vague, and the widely used VOC emission factors (EFs) were still from the measurements of 1990s. Hence, focusing on coking industry, we conducted an in-situ measurement campaign in several typical plants, developed a set of VOC EFs for various release units, and estimated the current emission amounts and future reduction potentials of VOC in China. The measurements show that the levels of VOC in stationary units were 63.82-9563.93 μg·m, and those surrounding fugitive units were 111.37-1436.36 μg·m. VOC emissions from stationary units were directly calculated, which deducing EFs of 11.57, 15.51, 127.13, 0.28, 0.16 g·t coke respectively for coke charging, coke pushing, coke oven chimney, dry quenching, and wastewater treatment processes. Meanwhile, VOC emissions from fugitive units were simulated following the inverse dispersion method, which achieving EFs of 443.34 ± 66.31, 352.12 ± 65.81, and 718.56 ± 132.69 g·t coke respectively for the coke oven leakage, byproduct recovery with VOC treatment system, and byproduct recovery without VOC treatment system. Generally, the coking plants installing VOC treatment system had total VOC EF of 953.76 g·t coke, about 37.1% lower than those never considering VOC treatment (1516.25 g·t coke). According to these developed EFs, the VOC emission amount from coking industry in China were estimated, slightly decreasing from 623.54 to 578.17 Gg per year, although the coke production increasing from 410.86 to 418.26 Tg during 2015-2019. In future, according to the national industrial policies, regulations and standards, technical guidelines, the VOC reduction potential of this industry in China could reach 336.9 Gg, to which headstream adjustment, process improvement, and end-of-pipe control contributed about 21.4%, 31.6%, and 47.0%, respectively.
目前，炼焦行业排放的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的特征仍不明确，而广泛使用的 VOC 排放因子（EF）仍然来自 20 世纪 90 年代的测量。因此，我们专注于炼焦行业，在几家典型的工厂进行了现场测量活动，为各种排放单元制定了一套 VOC 排放因子，并估算了中国目前 VOC 的排放量和未来减排潜力。测量结果表明，固定源单元的 VOC 浓度为 63.82-9563.93μg·m，无组织排放源单元的浓度为 111.37-1436.36μg·m。我们直接对固定源单元的 VOC 排放量进行了计算，推导出装煤、推焦、焦炉烟囱、干法熄焦和废水处理过程的 EF 分别为 11.57、15.51、127.13、0.28 和 0.16g·t 焦炭。同时，我们采用反向扩散法模拟了无组织排放源单元的 VOC 排放量，得到焦炉泄漏、含 VOC 处理系统的副产品回收和无 VOC 处理系统的副产品回收过程的 EF 分别为 443.34±66.31、352.12±65.81 和 718.56±132.69g·t 焦炭。总的来说，安装 VOC 处理系统的炼焦厂总 VOC EF 为 953.76g·t 焦炭，比从未考虑 VOC 处理的炼焦厂（1516.25g·t 焦炭）低 37.1%。根据这些开发的排放因子，估算了中国炼焦行业的 VOC 排放量，尽管 2015-2019 年期间焦炭产量从 410.86 增至 418.26Tg，但排放量从 623.54 略有下降至 578.17Gg。未来，根据国家产业政策、法规和标准、技术导则，中国炼焦行业的 VOC 减排潜力可达 336.9Gg，其中源头调整、工艺改进和末端治理的贡献分别约为 21.4%、31.6%和 47.0%。
