School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK.
Sci Med Footb. 2022 Dec 1;6(5):597-604. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2070267. Epub 2022 May 1.
Much less is known about strength and conditioning (S&C) practice in women's versus men's soccer. The aim of this study was to compare S&C practice between coaches working in men's or women's soccer, at first team or academy level, worldwide.
A total of 170 participants, who were involved with S&C support at their soccer club (in Europe, USA and South America, within men's or women's first team or academy settings) completed a comprehensive online survey, designed to evaluate (i) their academic qualifications and S&C coaching experience; and their preferred methods for (ii) physical testing; (iii) strength and power development; (iv) plyometric training; (v) speed development; and (vi) periodization.
Women's academies had fewer weekly in-season S&C sessions than men's academies (1.6±0.6 . 2.3±0.9, =0.005). Relatively, fewer women's academy S&C coaches (6%) used Olympic weightlifting movements than men's academy S&C coaches (32%, =0.030). Relatively, more women's academy coaches (47%) used the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) compared to men's academy coaches (15%, =0.006), but relatively more women's . men's first team coaches (61% . 38%, 0.028) and women's . men's academy (61% . 38% coaches, 0.049) utilised rating of perceived exertion-based load prescriptions.
Notable differences in S&C practice exist between coaches of men's and women's soccer squads, particularly at academy level. Fewer weekly S&C sessions in women academy players may have implications for physical development, while the greater use of subjective load prescriptions in both academy and first team women's squads may lead to sub-optimal performance gains.
与男子足球相比，女子足球中有关力量和体能（S＆C）训练的知识要少得多。本研究的目的是比较在全球范围内，从事男子或女子足球，一线队或学院级别的教练的 S＆C 训练。
共有 170 名参与者参与了他们所在足球俱乐部的 S＆C 支持（在欧洲，美国和南美洲，在男子或女子一线队或学院环境中），他们完成了一项综合的在线调查，旨在评估（i）他们的学术资格和 S＆C 教练经验；以及他们首选的（ii）体能测试方法；（iii）力量和力量发展；（iv）增强式训练；（v）速度发展；和（vi）分期。
女子学院的赛季中每周 S＆C 训练次数少于男子学院（1.6±0.6 比 2.3±0.9，=0.005）。相对而言，使用奥林匹克举重动作的女子学院 S＆C 教练（6％）比男子学院 S＆C 教练（32％，=0.030）少。相对而言，更多的女子学院教练（47％）使用北欧式腿筋训练（NHE）比男子学院教练（15％，=0.006），但更多的女子学院教练（61％比男子学院教练（61％），=0.028）和女子学院（61％比男子学院（38％，0.049）利用了感知用力的负荷处方。
男子和女子足球运动员的 S＆C 训练之间存在明显差异，尤其是在学院一级。女子学院运动员每周 S＆C 训练次数较少可能对身体发育有影响，而学院和一线队女子队中主观负荷处方的使用更多可能导致表现不佳。
