School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China.
Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jul;49(7):6945-6956. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07344-x. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor with no effective treatment. Apoptosis, one of the programmed cell death, is any pathological form of cell death mediated by intracellular processes. Under the pathological state, the de-regulated regulation of apoptosis can disrupt the balance between cell proliferation and death, causing osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis. As carcinogenic or tumor suppressor factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by regulating apoptosis-related genes and apoptosis-related signaling pathways, such as mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, death receptor pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum pathway. Meanwhile as these abnormal miRNAs can be stored and transported by exosomes, detecting exosomes can be seen an effective method to diagnose osteosarcoma in the early stage. This review provides the current knowledge of miRNAs and their target genes related to the apoptosis of osteosarcoma, summarizes abnormal expression and regulation of miRNAs and signaling pathways in osteosarcoma and prospects the detection of exosome as a method for early diagnosis of osteosarcoma.
骨肉瘤是一种原发性恶性骨肿瘤，目前尚无有效的治疗方法。细胞凋亡是一种由细胞内过程介导的程序性细胞死亡形式。在病理状态下，细胞凋亡的调节失控会破坏细胞增殖和死亡之间的平衡，导致骨肉瘤的增殖和转移。作为致癌或抑癌因子，微小 RNA（miRNA）通过调节凋亡相关基因和凋亡相关信号通路，如线粒体凋亡途径、死亡受体途径和内质网途径，调节骨肉瘤细胞的凋亡。同时，由于这些异常的 miRNA 可以被外泌体储存和运输，因此检测外泌体可以作为早期诊断骨肉瘤的有效方法。本综述提供了与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡相关的 miRNA 及其靶基因的最新知识，总结了 miRNA 及信号通路在骨肉瘤中的异常表达和调控，并展望了以外泌体作为骨肉瘤早期诊断方法的检测。
