Banoth Pravallika, Sohan Arya, Kandula Chinna, Kanaka Ravi Kumar, Kollu Pratap
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
CASEST, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
ACS Omega. 2022 Apr 6;7(15):12910-12921. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00219. eCollection 2022 Apr 19.
The prototypical plum-free, one-phase multiferric ferrite BiFeO (BFO) is solid, parallel, with a high ferroelectric Curie temperature and Neel temperature and antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric propagation. This work aims to synthesize pure-phase BFO in the quickest possible way. We followed the microwave-assisted solvothermal (MWAST) method to achieve pure-phase BFO in the shortest duration of 3 min. The experiment involves simple optimizations with KOH concentration and microwave power levels. The surface morphology along with magnetic properties of BFO synthesized via the MWAST method are altered with varying KOH concentrations and microwave (MW) power levels. Our X-ray diffraction findings reveal that the pure-phase BFO is formed at 800 W MW power, and the structural characterizations like transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis have displayed the formation of uniformly distributed spherical microflowers of pure-phase BFO exhibiting a single-crystalline nature. Besides, the magnetic measurements affirmed a reliable weak ferromagnetic behavior (magnetization ∼1.25 emu/g) in BFO synthesized at 800 W MW power. In addition, good dielectric behavior with low dielectric loss was accompanied by frequency-dependent dielectric studies indicating an excellent frequency response of the material, and also the room-temperature ferroelectric properties were studied using a ferroelectric analyzer. The polarization of pure-phase BFO increases with the applied electric field and exhibits unsaturated polarization-electric field loops due to leakage current. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the synthesized material has indicated the pure-phase BFO, and the Raman data have elucidated the vibrational modes of BFO. Further, the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data has confirmed the presence of fewer Fe ions and oxygen vacancies in the pure-phase BFO. Therefore, the collective characterizations and detailed analysis of BFO material have revealed the uniqueness of the MWAST method in producing the pure-phase BFO in 3 min with improved magnetic and dielectric properties, and hence the BFO synthesized via the MWAST method can be a potential candidate for multiferroic applications.
典型的无铅单相多铁性铁氧体BiFeO₃（BFO）是固态的、平行的，具有较高的铁电居里温度和尼尔温度以及反铁磁和铁电传播特性。这项工作旨在以尽可能快的方式合成纯相BFO。我们采用微波辅助溶剂热法（MWAST）在最短3分钟的时间内实现了纯相BFO的合成。该实验涉及对KOH浓度和微波功率水平进行简单优化。通过MWAST方法合成的BFO的表面形貌以及磁性能会随着KOH浓度和微波（MW）功率水平的变化而改变。我们的X射线衍射结果表明，在800W微波功率下形成了纯相BFO，而诸如透射电子显微镜、带有能量色散X射线分析的场发射扫描电子显微镜等结构表征显示形成了具有单晶性质的纯相BFO的均匀分布的球形微花。此外，磁性测量证实了在800W微波功率下合成的BFO中存在可靠的弱铁磁行为（磁化强度约为1.25emu/g）。此外，频率相关的介电研究表明该材料具有良好的频率响应，伴随有低介电损耗的良好介电行为，并且还使用铁电分析仪研究了室温铁电性能。纯相BFO的极化随施加电场的增加而增加，并且由于漏电流而呈现不饱和极化 - 电场回线。此外，合成材料的傅里叶变换红外光谱表明是纯相BFO，拉曼数据阐明了BFO的振动模式。进一步地，X射线光电子能谱数据的分析证实了纯相BFO中Fe离子和氧空位较少。因此，对BFO材料的综合表征和详细分析揭示了MWAST方法在3分钟内生产具有改善的磁性和介电性能的纯相BFO方面的独特性，因此通过MWAST方法合成的BFO可能是多铁性应用的潜在候选材料。
