Behyar Milad Baghal, Shadjou Nasrin
Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
RSC Adv. 2021 Sep 10;11(48):30206-30214. doi: 10.1039/d1ra05655g. eCollection 2021 Sep 6.
During the twentieth century, ractopamine (RAC) as one of the important and frequently used feed additives and doping agents has attracted considerable attention in the animal breeding industry and sports competitions. Due to the low metabolism rate of RAC, it is accumulated in livestock tissues. By consuming food, the residues enter the human body causing hazardous side effects including tachycardia, palpitations, and headache. So, sensitive identification of this compound is desirable to combat illicit use and protect food safety. Here, a novel nanomaterial is manufactured based on the functionalization of dendritic fibrous nanosilica with dipenicillamine (KCC-1-NH-DPA). Synthesised advanced nanomaterial was used for the encapsulation of specific DNA-aptamer and incubated on the surface of gold electrode modified by poly(β-cyclodextrin) P(β-CD) which provided the high surface area, excellent mechanical and thermal stability for the dens-loading of encapsulated aptamer. The green platform was provided an efficient apta-platform for the specific recognition of RAC in human biofluids. Electroanalysis of RAC was performed based on "signal ON" protocol. The modified gold electrode by P(β-CD)-(KCC-1-NH-DPA) was used to improve the conductivity and function of the aptasensor towards sensitive identification of RAC in human real sample. Cyclic voltammetry, differential voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and chronoamperometry techniques were exploited for the measurement of RAC in the concentration range of 0.1 fM to 0.1 mM. Furthermore, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of engineered aptasensor was obtained as 0.1 fM. It is worth noting that the proposed electrochemical aptasensor showed excellent stability, selectivity and performance in standard and human plasma samples. It is important to point out that, synergetic effect of DFNS with high surface to volume, P(β-CD) as conductive substrate and selective aptamer in the fabricated biodevice lead to highly sensitive and selective biosensor for the biomedical analysis of clinical samples. This platform will be provide a new horizon for the application of advanced nanomaterials in biomedical science based POC analysis.
在二十世纪，莱克多巴胺（RAC）作为一种重要且常用的饲料添加剂和兴奋剂，在动物养殖业和体育比赛中引起了相当大的关注。由于莱克多巴胺的代谢率低，它会在牲畜组织中积累。通过食用食物，这些残留物进入人体，会引起包括心动过速、心悸和头痛在内的有害副作用。因此，为打击非法使用并保护食品安全，对这种化合物进行灵敏识别是很有必要的。在此，基于二青霉胺对树枝状纤维纳米二氧化硅进行功能化制备了一种新型纳米材料（KCC - 1 - NH - DPA）。合成的先进纳米材料用于包封特定的DNA适配体，并在由聚（β - 环糊精）P（β - CD）修饰的金电极表面孵育，P（β - CD）为包封的适配体的密集负载提供了高表面积、优异的机械和热稳定性。该绿色平台为在人体生物流体中特异性识别莱克多巴胺提供了一个高效的适配体平台。基于“信号开启”方案对莱克多巴胺进行电分析。用P（β - CD） - （KCC - 1 - NH - DPA）修饰的金电极用于提高适配体传感器的导电性和功能，以灵敏识别实际人体样本中的莱克多巴胺。采用循环伏安法、差分伏安法、方波伏安法和计时电流法技术测量浓度范围为0.1 fM至0.1 mM的莱克多巴胺。此外，工程化适配体传感器的定量下限（LLOQ）为0.1 fM。值得注意的是，所提出的电化学适配体传感器在标准和人体血浆样本中表现出优异的稳定性、选择性和性能。需要指出的是，在制造的生物装置中，具有高比表面积的树枝状纤维纳米二氧化硅、作为导电基底的P（β - CD）和选择性适配体的协同作用导致了用于临床样本生物医学分析的高灵敏度和选择性生物传感器。该平台将为基于即时检测（POC）分析的先进纳米材料在生物医学科学中的应用提供新的视野。
